duplex kidney(congenital,double ureter). скачать в хорошем качестве

duplex kidney(congenital,double ureter).

Duplex kidney, also known as duplicated ureters or duplicated collecting system, is the most common birth defect related to the urinary tract. This occurs due to an incomplete fusion of the upper and lower pole of the kidney which creates two separate drainage systems from the kidney. Most people do not need treatment. Ureters are long, narrow tubes that drain urine from your kidneys to your bladder. Normally one ureter leads from each kidney to your bladder. In the case of duplicated systems, two ureters drain a single kidney. One ureter drains the upper pole of your kidney and the other drains the lower pole. This condition may affect one or both kidneys. the types Duplex kidney can take on one of two forms: Incomplete: Two separate ureters are attached to the same kidney but join together at some distance away from the kidney to form a single ureter that enters the bladder. Complete: Two separate ureters lead away from the same kidney and enter the bladder separately. How common is duplex kidney (duplicated ureters)? About 0.7% of the healthy adult population and 2% to 4% of patients with urinary tract issues have duplicated ureters. Incomplete duplication is three times more common than complete duplication, which is estimated to appear in about one in every 500 people. Duplex kidney is a result of errors in cell division that occur during the development of the fetus inside the uterus. There is no evidence that suggests anything during pregnancy causes the defect. However, there is evidence to show that the condition can be passed from parent to child. If one parent has a duplex kidney, the child has a 50-50 chance of also being born with this condition. As long as your duplicated ureters drain normally into your bladder they should not cause any symptoms. If symptoms do occur, it is usually in the case of complete duplicated ureters. A duplex kidney can occur with other abnormalities of your urinary system. One common abnormality is an ureterocele, which occurs when the end of the ureter does not develop properly, and urine flow is obstructed. This results in a balloon-like swelling as urine builds up at the point where the ureter and bladder connect. In addition, urine can reflux back toward the kidney through the second ureter, which often has a weak valve because it joins the bladder in an abnormal location. A number of symptoms can occur when one of the ureters is ectopic, which means it drains to somewhere other than the bladder. Symptoms of an ectopic ureter include: Hydronephrosis: An ectopic ureter is usually narrower than it should be, leading to an obstruction in the flow of your urine. Your urine gets backed up and causes the kidney and ureter to swell. Urinary tract infection (UTI): Poor drainage makes it easier for bacteria to enter urine and travel to your bladder. UTIs result in painful urination. Vesicoureteral reflux: Urine backs up and flows in the wrong direction (up toward the kidney instead of down toward the bladder). It is important for a provider to grade the reflux, as a child may be able to outgrow a lower grade of reflux but may need more extensive treatment if the reflux is a higher grade. Kidney infections or renal scarring can result from reflux. Incontinence (inability to control urination): In boys, this symptom may not be present, however, you may see scrotal swelling or UTIs (Urinary Tract Infections) may occur. In girls, rather than completely losing bladder control, there is a dampness due to a steady leakage.