FUNCTIONAL GROUPS PART 1-Lesson 8-Organic Chemistry Grade 12 скачать в хорошем качестве

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS PART 1-Lesson 8-Organic Chemistry Grade 12

Remember the definition of a functional group is an atom or a group of atoms that gives the organic compound its chemical characteristics. You will learn about 8 different functional groups. The two you already know. Can you remember them? These are 1. carbon-carbon double bond (-C=C-) 2. carbon-carbon triple bond (-C≡C-) 3. alkyl halides (or haloalkanes) 4. alcohols 5. aldehydes 6. ketones 7. carboxylic acids 8. esters The naming of these is simple. Lets do the simple naming first then the IUPAC naming later. For alkenes and alkynes remember we did them. Just to recap they are For alkenes we have Ethene, propene, butene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene For alkynes we have Ethyne, propyne, butyne, pentyne, hexyne, heptyne, octyne For alkyl halides the abbreviations are (-F,-Br,-Cl,-I) For alkyl halides these are also called haloalkanes. Halides or halo- comes from the name halogens which are in group 17. You need to know the first four which are fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine. But the name of these changes from halogens to halides. Why? Because they are single atoms not diatomic. So the name of fluorine become fluoride, chlorine-chloride, bromine-bromide, iodine-iodide. Hence its halide. However in alkanes their names for example are floromethane, chloromethane, bromomethane, iodomethane. In essence they are like floroalkane, chloroalkane e.t.c. We will learn about these soon. This was a brief introduction For alcohols we recognise them by –OH group called the hydroxyl group. In naming these again we follow the alkanes example. We replace the –e in alkane by –ol in alcohol. So methane becomes methanol, ethane-ethanol. The general naming becomes: methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol. For aldehydes we recognise them by the –CHO group. We will deal with it later. But in naming them we replace the –e in alkanes by –al in aldehyde. So methane becomes methanal and ethane-ethanal The general naming becomes: methanal, ethanal, propanal, butanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, octanal. For ketones we recognise them by –CC=OC-. We will deal with them later. But in naming them we replace the –e in alkanes by –one in ketones. So methane becomes methanone and ethane-ethanone The general naming becomes: methanone, ethanone, propanone, butanone, pentanone, hexanone, heptanone, octanone. For carboxylic acids we recognise them by –COOH. We will deal with them later. But in naming them we replace the –e in alkanes by –oic. So methane becomes methanoic acid and ethane-ethanoic acid. The general naming becomes: methanoic acid, ethanone, propanone, butanone, pentanone, hexanone, heptanone, octanone. For esters we recognise them by –COOC-. We will deal with esters later as their namining is different. #organichemistry #chemistryclass12 #organicchemistryclass12 #organicchemistry12 #organicchemistry Join this channel to get access to perks:    / @roipop   Use these mathematics online videos to prepare for your final exams To get more resources and support to prepare for your final exams click on the links below: https://ekurhulenitech.co.za/engineer... https://24minute.co.za/online-lessons/ https://previouspapers.co.za/free-pap...