Risk factors for preterm labor скачать в хорошем качестве

Risk factors for preterm labor

Demographic and Reproductive Factors: Previous Preterm Birth: Strongest predictor, suggests genetic predisposition and underlying structural vulnerabilities Racial Disparities: Non-Hispanic Black women at highest risk due to complex genetic, socioeconomic, and healthcare access interactions Multiple Gestation: Significantly increases risk through uterine distension, inflammatory markers, and mechanical cervical stress Medical Conditions: Maternal Health: Diabetes, hypertensive disorders, and autoimmune diseases cause chronic inflammation and vascular dysfunction Anatomical Factors: Abnormal uterine/cervical anatomy and previous cervical procedures compromise structural integrity and protective mechanisms Lifestyle and Environmental: Substance Use: Tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs disrupt placental blood flow and cause oxidative stress Nutritional Factors: Extreme BMI and nutritional deficiencies alter inflammatory responses and placental function Additional Risk Factors: Extremes of maternal age Low socioeconomic status Short interpregnancy interval Trauma Abdominal surgery during pregnancy