HD - Multiparasitism by Ischyrocnemis and Terozoa of Aprosthema larvae скачать в хорошем качестве

HD - Multiparasitism by Ischyrocnemis and Terozoa of Aprosthema larvae

The parasitoid complex of Aprosthema tardum In the parasitoid complex of Aprosthema tardum, four parasitic wasp (species family Ichneumonidae) depend on Aprosthema tardum larvae for their survival. Two are endoparasitoids in the subfamily Ctenoppelmatinae, lay internal eggs in the body of the host larva, and two are ectoparasitoids in the subfamily Tryphoninae, which lay external eggs on the body of the host larva. The host larva can continue its development after attack (parasitoids allowing that are termed koinobionts). Once a cocoon is made by the host larva, the parasitoid larva kills its host in order to accomplish its own development and makes a second cocoon inside the host cocoon. Sometimes superparasitism occurs, when a host larva is parasitized with superfluous eggs of the same species. When superfluous parasitoid eggs are laid, battles take place as only one parasitoid larva can survive in or on the host larva. Multiparasitism occurs between the different parasitic wasps. When an ectoparasitoid is present as well as an endoparasitoid, the latter usually predominates because it consumes the host faster. Until now, nothing (beyond a single published rearing record of Lathrolestes erythrocephalus) was known about the biology of these species. Further, parasitism of Aprosthema species has not previously been studied in detail. In the case of Ischyrocnemis, the biological facts detailed here have allowed its placement in the higher classification of Ichneumonidae to be suggested. Until now none of the parasitoid species was known in France. Shaw, M.R., Kan, P., Kan-van Limburg Stirum, B. & Wahl, DB. (2022) - Biological and morphological studies on the parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of Aprosthema tardum (Klug) (Hymenoptera, Argidae, Sterictiphorinae) in Var, southern France. Journal of Hymenoptera Research. https://jhr.pensoft.net/article/82107/