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struvite

A phosphate mineral with formula of NH4MgPO4·6H2O. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system as white to yellowish or brownish-white pyramidal crystals or in platy mica-like forms. It is sparingly soluble in neutral and alkaline conditions, but readily soluble in acid. It readily forms in alkaline conditions where its constituent ions are present. It is a soft mineral with Mohs hardness of 1.5 to 2. It has a specific gravity of 1.7. Struvite urinary stones (infection stones) are a common type (10-15%) of urinary stones that are made of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MgNHPO4·H2O). They are infected with ammonia-producing organisms. They are potentiated by alkaline urine and high magnesium excretion. Struvite urinary stones are potentiated by bacterial infection that hydrolyzes urea to ammonium and raises urine pH to neutral or alkaline values. Urea-splitting organisms are urinary tract pathogens that produce urease. They include Proteus, Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma.