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How a Gatling Gun Works

Wikipedia: The Gatling gun is a rapid-firing multiple-barrel firearm invented in 1861 by Richard Jordan Gatling. It is an early machine gun and a forerunner of the modern electric motor-driven rotary cannon. The Gatling gun's operation centered on a cyclic multi-barrel design which facilitated cooling and synchronized the firing-reloading sequence. As the hand wheel is cranked, the barrels rotate and each barrel sequentially loads a single cartridge from a top-mounted magazine, fires off the shot when it reaches a set position (usually at 4 o'clock), then ejects the spent casing out of the left side at the bottom, after which the barrel is empty and allowed to cool until rotated back to the top position and gravity-fed another new round. This configuration eliminated the need for a single reciprocating bolt design and allowed higher rates of fire to be achieved without the barrels overheating quickly. One of the best-known early rapid-fire firearms, the Gatling gun saw occasional use by the Union forces during the American Civil War, which was the first time it was employed in combat. It was later used in numerous military conflicts, including the Boshin War, the Anglo-Zulu War and the assault on San Juan Hill during the Spanish–American War. It was also used by the Pennsylvania militia in episodes of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, specifically in Pittsburgh. Gatling guns were even mounted aboard ships. Type Rapid-fire gun, hand cranked Machine gun Place of origin United States Service history In service 1862–1911 Used by United States Russian Empire British Empire France Empire of Japan Qing Empire Siam Empire Korean Empire Chile Peru Tokugawa Shogunate Wars American Civil War Anglo-Zulu War Indian Wars Spanish–American War Philippine–American War Boxer Rebellion War of the Pacific Boshin War Production history Designer Richard Jordan Gatling Designed 1861 Manufacturer Eagle Iron Works Cooper Firearms Manufacturing Company Colt Manufacturing Company American Ordnance Company Produced 1862-1903 Specifications Mass 170 lb (77.2 kg)[1] Length 42.5 in (1,079 mm) Barrel length 26.5 in (673 mm) Crew Four-man crew Cartridge .30-40 Krag .45-70 Government .30-06 Springfield .43 Spanish 11x60mm Mauser Caliber .308 inches (7.8 mm) Barrels 6–10 Action Crank handle Rate of fire 200 rounds per minute in .58 caliber, 400-900 rounds per minute in .30 caliber