Part of Animal Cell and Their Function | Class 8-10 Science Makes Easy | Cell membrane,Cytoplasm etc скачать в хорошем качестве

Part of Animal Cell and Their Function | Class 8-10 Science Makes Easy | Cell membrane,Cytoplasm etc

An animal cell is the basic structural and functional unit of the animal body. It is a eukaryotic cell, meaning it has a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Unlike plant cells, animal cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplast, but they contain specialized organelles that perform essential life processes such as respiration, protein synthesis, digestion, and cell division. Animal cells vary in shape and size depending on their function—for example, nerve cells are long and branched, muscle cells are elongated, and red blood cells are biconcave. Despite these differences, all animal cells share a common internal organization. --- 🔬 Cell Organelles of an Animal Cell 1️⃣ Plasma Membrane The plasma membrane is a thin, flexible, selectively permeable membrane made of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. It controls the entry and exit of substances and maintains the internal environment of the cell. 2️⃣ Cytoplasm The cytoplasm is a jelly-like fluid containing water, enzymes, proteins, and nutrients. It acts as the site of most metabolic reactions and supports the organelles. 3️⃣ Nucleus The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It contains DNA (genetic material), which regulates cell growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Nuclear membrane: Double-layered with nuclear pores Nucleolus: Produces rRNA and ribosomes Chromatin: DNA + proteins 4️⃣ Mitochondria (Powerhouse of the Cell) Mitochondria produce ATP (energy) through cellular respiration. They have a double membrane, and the inner membrane forms folds called cristae. Mitochondria contain their own DNA and ribosomes. 5️⃣ Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) A network of membranous tubules: Rough ER: Has ribosomes; synthesizes proteins Smooth ER: Synthesizes lipids, steroids, and detoxifies harmful substances 6️⃣ Ribosomes (Protein Factories) Ribosomes are small, non-membranous organelles made of rRNA and proteins. They are responsible for protein synthesis and can be free in cytoplasm or attached to RER. 7️⃣ Golgi Apparatus The Golgi apparatus modifies, packages, and transports proteins and lipids. It acts as the post office of the cell, forming secretory vesicles and lysosomes. 8️⃣ Lysosomes (Suicidal Bags) Lysosomes contain powerful hydrolytic enzymes that digest waste materials, worn-out organelles, and foreign particles. They play a role in autophagy and apoptosis. 9️⃣ Peroxisomes Peroxisomes contain oxidative enzymes that break down fatty acids and toxic substances. They protect the cell from oxidative damage by decomposing hydrogen peroxide. 🔟 Centrosome and Centrioles The centrosome contains a pair of centrioles and plays a key role in cell division, forming spindle fibers during mitosis and meiosis. 1️⃣1️⃣ Vacuoles (Small in Animal Cells) Animal cells have small, temporary vacuoles that store water, nutrients, and waste products. --- ✨ Conclusion Animal cells are highly organized structures where each organelle performs a specific function, ensuring proper growth, survival, and reproduction of the organism. The coordination between cell organelles makes life at the cellular level possible.