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FESS

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is a minimally invasive surgical technique used to restore normal drainage and function of the paranasal sinuses. Definition: FESS involves using a rigid nasal endoscope to directly visualize and surgically open the natural sinus ostia (openings) that are blocked due to chronic rhinosinusitis, polyps, or anatomical variations. The aim is to restore physiological drainage pathways rather than create new, non-anatomical openings. Why it is called “Functional” Endoscopic Sinus Surgery? It is called functional because: 1. Preserves normal anatomy – Instead of removing large amounts of tissue, it focuses on minimal removal, only enlarging the natural drainage pathways. 2. Restores function – It aims to re-establish the natural mucociliary clearance system of the sinuses. 3. Physiological approach – Rather than radical clearance (like older Caldwell-Luc or external sinus surgeries), it respects mucosal function and maintains ventilation. 4. Targeted treatment – Only diseased or obstructed areas are addressed, keeping healthy structures intact. In short: FESS = Endoscopic surgery that restores the function of natural sinus drainage pathways while preserving normal mucosa and anatomy.