Global Value Systems скачать в хорошем качестве

Global Value Systems

00:00 Evolution of Global Value Systems The concept of global value systems has evolved over time, with terms like supply chains being inadequate to explain contemporary transformations. Connectedness itself is not new, but traditional terms focus primarily on production relationships and overlook historical tendencies of capitalism and complex web of relationships in value capture. 05:23 Understanding Global Value Systems The global value systems approach offers a comprehensive perspective, transcending traditional chain and network frameworks by recognizing roles of both visible and invisible actors in value creation and extraction globally. It examines systemic interactions and their implications for wealth distribution and power dynamics. 10:41 Colonialism's Exploitative Dynamics Colonialism was driven by exploiting regions with agricultural and natural resource advantages, leading to uneven development that non-Marxist views overlook. It focused on superficial interdependencies rather than power dynamics and historical injustices of practices that created hierarchical exchanges and systemic unevenness. 15:40 Transition to Neoliberalism and Global Economic Shifts The shift marked a significant transformation, facilitating concentration of wealth, power, and capital in transnational corporations and decentering production from the Global North. This increased dominance of transnationals shaped discourses and exerted influence in economics, media, and structural aspects. 20:42 Decentering of Capital to the Global South Over decades, notable shifts have moved manufacturing and production centers from North to South, propelled by technological advancements and finance capital dominance. This led to adverse consequences as finance capital gained mobility over productive assets. While some upgrading occurred, benefits were unevenly distributed. 25:38 Widening Wealth Gap Among Nations Comparing average per capita income from 1960-2015, the gap between the top 20 and bottom 20 countries widened enormously, from 32 to 123 times. This underscores profoundly growing global inequalities in wealth distribution among nations. 30:37 Transnational Corporations in Global Agriculture Growing TNC influence in global agriculture, especially in the Global South, adversely incorporated small farmers into the system. Governments were pressured to prioritize corporate interests over local sustainability, concentrating control over resources. 35:24 Corporate Dominance in Agrarian Sector Corporations now dominate markets, research, and value chains through extensive land acquisitions surpassing colonial levels. Large firms increasingly monopolize production, processing, and distribution, reshaping dynamics and inequalities. 40:28 Exploitation of Global South Labor Corporations strategically exploit relatively cheaper labor pools predominantly in the South. Despite comparable skills, hourly rates remain much lower, exacerbating decentering trends. Other factors also influence exploitation, highlighting complex global inequality dynamics. 45:30 Exploitation and Neocolonialism in the Global South Policies and corporate interests drive exploitation of labor, nature, and disregard for regulations, disproportionately impacting agricultural workers and peasants. This reflects deeper issues of imperialism and neocolonialism challenging sustainability and equitable development goals.