Zionism: Socialist, Fascist, or Something Else? Israel's Swing from Left to Right скачать в хорошем качестве

Zionism: Socialist, Fascist, or Something Else? Israel's Swing from Left to Right

Zionism – Full Documentary For Jews facing persecution in Europe and beyond, Zionism began as a dream of national liberation. For Palestinians, it was a story of violence and oppression. This documentary traces Zionism's evolution — from Herzl and early aliyah movements, through Israel’s founding in 1948, the Nakba, Israeli-Arab wars, settlements, the Oslo Accords, and the rise of today's far-right Israeli government. Zionism emerged as a response to antisemitism in Europe. Its founder, Hertzl, envisioned a Jewish homeland in Palestine, while Bundists argued liberation must happen where Jews already lived. Competing Zionist visions emerged. During the British Mandate, Jewish immigration surged, stoking tensions with Palestinian Arabs. The 1937 Peel Commission and 1947 UN Partition Plan proposed division. Violence escalated into civil war and the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. Israel's victory was a triumph for Jews emerging from the Holocaust — and a catastrophe, the Nakba, for displaced Palestinians. Israel’s early years were dominated by Labor Zionism. Socialist ideals fuelled the building of kibbutzim. For many, Israel represented Jewish sovereignty and socialism intertwined. But inequalities persisted, both for Palestinians excluded from the economy and for Mizrahi Jews facing discrimination from the Ashkenazi elite. During the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel captured the West Bank, Gaza, East Jerusalem, Sinai, and Golan Heights. A religious settler movement emerged, seeking to reclaim what they saw as biblical lands — reshaping Israeli politics for decades to come. Internally, marginalised Mizrahi Jews demanded recognition, fuelling a Menachem Begin & Likud's rise to power, breaking Labor’s dominance and creating the first right-wing Israeli government. In the 1980s, Israel faced economic collapse. The socialist economy faltered, and sweeping neoliberal reforms took hold. Harsh conditions, combined with the first Palestinian intifada, pushed Israeli society toward greater radicalization. The collapse of the Soviet Union brought nearly a million Soviet Jewish immigrants to Israel, transforming demographics, politics, and culture. Their arrival shifted the electorate further rightward on issues of security and nationalism. The Oslo Accords are signed in the 1990s. Israel and the PLO recognized each other, and many believed a two-state solution was possible. But fierce right-wing Israeli opposition culminated in the 1995 assassination of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin by a Jewish extremist, devastating the peace process. Palestinian militant and zionist extremist attacks further eroded trust. In the decades that followed, Benjamin Netanyahu rose to dominate Israeli politics. He allied with nationalist movements, normalized far-right rhetoric, and paved the way for figures like Itamar Ben-Gvir. Israel's politics shifted dramatically rightward. The Nation-State Law of 2018 enshrined Jewish supremacy in Israel’s constitutional framework. Protests erupted over economic inequality, corruption, and threats to democracy, as Netanyahu pushed controversial judicial reforms. Gaza remained trapped in a cycle of blockade, war, and humanitarian catastrophe. The Gaza war further radicalised parts of Israeli society. Today, Israel is more divided than ever: secular vs religious, Jewish vs Arab, nationalist vs liberal, as Gaza faces devastation and the West Bank is under a suffocating occupation. 0:00 - Zionism: Liberation or Oppression? 2:30 - The Birth of Modern Zionism - Dreyfus, Hertzl, & Aliyah 08:03 - History of Antisemitism in Europe 10:18 - Socialist Zionism & the Second Aliyah 12:46 – Revisionist, Religious, and other Zionisms 14:56 – WWI & the Balfour Declaration 18:40 – Haganah & Irgun 20:50 - The Holocaust & the Collapse of Jewish Anti-Zionism 29:20 – Palestine's Civil War, and Israel's War for Independence 32:44 - The Nakba & Jewish Exodus from the Muslim World 35:00 – Socialist Zionism Dominates Israel: Spread of the Kibbutzim 42:10 – US Civil Rights Movement & Neozionism 49:05 – Kahanism & Kach: Extremist Zionism 52:24 - UN “Zionism is Racism” Ruling 54:59 – Israeli Demographics: Ashkenazi vs. Mizrahi, Secular vs. Religious 59:04 - The Marginalisation of Mizrahi Jews 1:01:46 - Menachem Begin’s Upheaval: Mizrahi Jews & Likud 1:10:25 – Israel’s Economic Crisis and the Collapse of the Kibbutz Dream 1:14:00 – Kach & Israeli Radicalisation 1:16:21 – Soviet Jews Reshape Israeli Politics 01:17:38 - Oslo Accords & the Israel-Palestine Peace Process 1:20:30 – Netanyahu’s Rise to Power 1:26:02 – Ariel Sharon’s Disengagement Plan 1:30:31 – Netanyahu Returns to Power 1:34:08 - Political Chaos in Israel: Five Elections in Four Years 01:35:34 - Neteyahu Shifts Right: Ben Gvir, Smotrich & the Far Right 01:38:10 - Israel’s Most Far-Right Government in History 01:42:03 - Zionism: Conclusions 1:39:00 – What Happened to the Kibbutzim? #Zionism #israel #palestine #middleeast #historydocumentary