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Health and Safety Regulations

In 2012, there were 453 fatal occupational injuries to government workers in the United States. The injuries occurred most often in the job categories of police protection; national security; construction; and trade, transportation, and utilities. The number of nonfatal public sector injuries is unavailable. People may suffer harm on the job because employers create dangerous conditions, employees are careless, someone becomes violent, or nature intervenes, among other reasons. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 is the main federal statute protecting federal employees from unsafe working conditions. Twenty-three states have adopted occupational safety and health (OSH) acts for their public and private employees, and a few states have plans that cover only public employees. The remedies available to injured persons generally are those in workers’ compensation acts. In 1908, Congress passed the Federal Employees Compensation Act, and subsequently all states passed workers’ compensation laws. These laws demand sacrifices from both employers and employees to ensure that all injured workers receive health care and lost wages. Employees relinquish the right to sue in civil court for on-the-job injuries, which, in some instances, means giving up large money damage awards. Employers forfeit the right to deny benefits to employees whose own negligence caused or contributed to their injuries; these plans are “no fault.” In addition to insurance, employees need time off for health problems. The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) covers local, state, and federal government agencies and provides eligible workers with up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave, during any 12-month period, for childbirth or adoption, illness of a family member, or illness of the employee.