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Female breast pathology

This is a brief video on neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases of the breast in females (excluding gynecomastia) I created this presentation with Google Slides. Image were created or taken from Wikimedia Commons I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor. ADDITIONAL TAGS: Breast pathology Neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases of the breast in females Fibroadenoma Phyllodes tumor Fat necrosis Acute mastitis Periductal mastitis Mammary duct ectasia Fibrocystic changes Intraductal papilloma Ductal carcinoma in situ Paget disease Invasive ductal carcinoma Lobular neoplasia Invasive lobular carcinoma Benign conditions Malignant conditions Def: Noncancerous breast tumor consisting of stromal and epithelial tissues Epi: women in 20s to 30s, most common benign neoplasm Clinical: painless, firm, rubbery, mobile lump might enlarge based on menstrual cycle (estrogen-sensitive) Gross: solid, lobulated, tan/pink, firm, no necrosis, no hemorrhage; well-circumscribed US: solid, round, homogenous mass; well-circumscribed Histo: gland structures with stromal and ductal proliferation, no cytologic atypia Phyllodes tumor AKA cystosarcoma phyllodes, cystosarcoma phylloides and phylloides tumor Def: Masses arising from stromal cells surrounding ducts of the breast Fibrous neoplasia pushes out tissue→ gross and histologic changes Epi: older (40+ and postmenopausal), African American, rare tumor Clinical: large mass, bulky, mobile, firm as a “wooden log†-- twice as large as the other breast Gross: blue veins on skin surrounding tumor, well-circumscribed Histo: fibrous gland and tissues with intermittent cystic spaces, epithelial leaf-lined structure; cytologic atypia and mitotic figures are rare Spread: might recurs after excision, 5-10 percent undergo malignant transformation Treatment: excise surgically (wide local excision or mastectomy) Fat necrosis AKA fatty lumps Def: normal fat cells of the breast become round lumps through necrosis Caused by trauma, radiation, or surgery involving breast Epi: women post trauma, radiation, or surgery Clinical: painful, induration with irregular contours, retraction of skin Mammogram: eggshell calcification (results from saponification) Gross: necrotic fat tissue → must biopsy to rule out cancer; induration Histo: necrotic fat with calcifications, giant cells, granulation tissue, lipid-laden macrophages Spread: no malignant potential Although confused with cancer bc of calcification, induration, skin retraction, irregular contours Treatment: not necessary Fibroadenoma Phyllodes tumor Fat necrosis Acute mastitis Periductal mastitis Mammary duct ectasia Fibrocystic changes Intraductal papilloma Ductal carcinoma in situ Paget disease Invasive ductal carcinoma Lobular neoplasia Invasive lobular carcinoma Fibroadenoma Phyllodes tumor Fat necrosis Acute mastitis Periductal mastitis Mammary duct ectasia Fibrocystic changes Intraductal papilloma Ductal carcinoma in situ Paget disease Invasive ductal carcinoma Lobular neoplasia Invasive lobular carcinoma Histo: necrotic fat with calcifications, giant cells, granulation tissue, lipid-laden macrophages Acute mastitis Def: bacterial infection of the breast Typically caused by skin organisms Staph aureus (or Strep), when breastfeeding → stress on skin allows bacteria to enter breast Epi: breastfeeding women Clinical: purulent discharge from breast; warm, erythematous breast; engorgement; loss of nipple integrity Spread: no malignant potential dicloxacillin for beta-lactamase-producing organisms such as S aureus) and drainage Periductal mastitis Def: inflammation of breast tissue beneath the nipple Epi: smokers AKA duct ectasia of breast or plasma cell mastitis Def: lactiferous duct becomes blocked or clogged Inflammation of the duct leads to duct dilation → debris piles up and goes into nipple → discharge Epi: postmenopausal, multiparous women; rare Clinical: green/brown nipple discharge Mammogram: typical rod-like calcifications Histo: chronic inflammation, plasma cells Fibrocystic changes AKA fibrocystic breasts or fibrocystic breast disease or fibrocystic breast condition (FBC)