How 🍅 to Separate Seeds From Tomato | Tomato Seed Extraction Machine | Tomato Cultivation скачать в хорошем качестве

How 🍅 to Separate Seeds From Tomato | Tomato Seed Extraction Machine | Tomato Cultivation

PARTS OF TOMATOES 🍅: The pericarp includes the inner wall, columella; the radial wall, septa; and the outer wall. The pericarp and the placenta comprise the fleshy tissue of the tomato. The seeds are located inside of the locular cavities and are enclosed in gelatinous membranes. Seed Harvest Seeds are extracted from ripe fruits which have either been hand picked into containers or collected by a single mechanized harvester which removes all the fruit from the crop in a single operation. The method of picking adopted locally depends on the scale of the operation and level of technology available in each seed production area. Fruit resulting from hybridization is always hand picked from the female lines whether it is produced in the field or under protection. This ensures that only the fruits which have been cross-pollinated are included. They are identified from either their label or calyx marking. This check, or confirmation, at the time of harvesting fruit is extremely important when hybrid seed is being produced in order to exclude fruit which contains seed produced by natural selfing of the female line. Seed extraction of small quantities of fruit: The ripe fruits are cut equatorially and the seeds with the gelatinous material surrounding them are squeezed or spooned out into containers. During this process the main fruit walls, pulp, skin and other debris are excluded, The seeds and the gelatinous material are then separated by one of the processes described later. Seed extraction of large quantities of fruit: The extraction of seeds from large quantities of tomato fruit can be divided into two main types of operation. Firstly, when the seed extraction is the only commercial operation involved, and secondly, when the seed is extracted as an additional product during the processing of tomatoes for pure or juice. Commercial seed extraction: Here the word "commercial"is referring to the main purpose of the operation and not to the seed purity or class, as this method is frequently used for large-scale production of basic and certified seed as well as commercial seed. This system can be completely mechanized in that the fruit is harvested automatically before passing into a crusher. Alternatively, the fruit is hand picked and either put directly into the crusher as it slowly passes through the field at a speed in keeping with the rate of hand picking, or the picked fruit is transported to a stationary crusher in a seed cleaning yard or special area. The crusher squashes or crushes the fruit and the resulting mixture of gelatinous seed, juice and fruit residues is passed through a screen to separate off the gelatinous seed from the bulk of the remaining material. The crushed material is usually passed into a revolving cylindrical screen which allows the seeds and juice to pass through the mesh, while the fruit debris passes through the cylindrical screen to drop in the field. Alternatively, the debris is collected separately for later disposal if the operation is stationary. The juice and seed mixture is collected in separate containers. These machines are usually purpose built by, or for, the seed company or organization. The separated seed is then finally extracted from the gelatinous material and other materials by a separation process described later. Combined juice and seed extraction: This system of seed extraction is done in cooperation with a tomato processing factory. The factory line is generally organized to produce purée or juice processed for domestic use. During the operation the purée or juice is separated from the relatively dry residual mixture of seeds, pulp and skins. Special lines of apparatus are used in processing plants which intend to secure the seed in this way. One important feature is that the seeds are not subjected to the high temperatures used during tomato processing, and a purpose designed modification of the normal processing plant is frequently referred to as a "cold takeoff". The apparatus is normally made and sold by the specialist manufacturers of industrial tomato processing equipment. Close liaison must be maintained between the seed producing and the tomato processing organizations. One important feature is the need to have large batches of fruit of the same cultivar going through the factory and a thorough cleaning technique to avoid admixture of seeds from different cultivars. The system is used for the production of commercial quality seed for large-scale industrial tomato crops. It should not be used where seed of high genetical quality is required for further multiplication. Seed which has been extracted by this process has usually been separated from the mucilage during the industrial process and all that is required is washing to separate the seed from the other debris.