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A Thousand Earths

Presenter: Daniel Apai (The University of Arizona) Title: "A Thousand Earths: Progress Toward a Constellation of Very Large Space Telescopes for Statistical Biosignature Surveys in Extrasolar Planets" Achieving a comprehensive understanding of habitable and inhabited planets, and correct interpretation of biosignatures, requires systematic, statistical studies of large samples of exoplanets. However, the slow growth of the light-collecting power of space telescopes and their very high costs remain severely limiting factors in observing such samples. In fact, the high costs and limited availability of large-diameter space telescopes not only limits exoplanet and biosignature studies but space-based remote sensing across various disciplines, including astronomy, Earth and planetary sciences, as well as commercial and defense applications. In this talk, I will introduce the Nautilus Space Observatory concept that is designed to spectroscopically characterize the atmospheres of 1,000 exo-earth candidates. Nautilus is enabled by the combination of a revolution in the space launch industry and by a novel optical technology: Multi-order diffractive engineered material (MODE) lenses. MODE lenses provide ultralight and easier-to-fabricate alternatives to primary mirrors. They enable a new paradigm in which large-diameter telescopes can be efficiently replicated at lower costs and in larger numbers. I will show our rapidly progressing technology development program, including our latest prototypes and new laboratory, and progress on design, fabrication, alignment, and testing methods. I will briefly describe the Nautilus Space Observatory and its science scope, and discuss some of the exciting scientific opportunities such a mission will enable – in Earth and space sciences, in addition to exoplanet characterization.