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GPRS network architecture

https://mpc-courses.teachable.com/p/l... GPRS refers to 'General Packet Radio Service'. The GPRS network aims to transfer data and signaling in an efficient manner, and optimize the use of network and radio resources. • The SGSN refers to (Serving GPRS Support Node), and it keeps track of the location of the user equipment (UE). • In addition, the SGSN performs security functions and access control for the users. • The GGSN refers to (Gateway GPRS Support Node), it provides inter-networking between the GPRS network and the packet data network (PDN). • The HLR refers to (Home Location Register). the HLR contains subscription information of the users, like which networks the subscriber should be able to access, and the QoS the subscriber should have. • The CG refers to (Charging Gateway). It collects charging records from the SGSN and the GGSN. those charging records are named the CDRs which refers to (Call Detail Records). • Then, the CG uses those CDRs in order to charge the user depending on his usage. • The PDN refers to (Public Data Network). the PDN is the network the users connect to, whether it is the internet or any other network. • The GPRS network transfers data transparently between the user equipment (UE) and the packet data network (PDN). • The RNC refers to (Radio Network Controller), and it controls the 3G sites. The 'NodeB' term is the name of the 3G sites. • The BSC refers to (Base Station Controller). The BSC controls the 2G sites. The 'BTS' term is the name of the 2G sites. Now we know the nodes that exist in the GPRS network architecture. Let's learn the interface names exist between those nodes. Every interface between two network nodes has a unique interface name, and This interface represents the protocols the nodes are using in the communication between each other. The Gn interface is the interface between the GSNs, which means the SGSNs and the GGSNs, that exist within the same network. The Ga interface is the interface between the GSNs and the CG. the GSNs use the Ga interface to send the CDRs to the CG in order for the CG to start charging the users. The Gi interface is the interface between the GGSN and the PDN. The Gr interface is the interface between the SGSN and an HLR. The SGSN uses the Gr interface to get the subscription data of a certain user from the HLR, and to update the HLR with the location information of the user. The Gb interface is the interface between the SGSN and the BSC. And the Iu interface is the interface between the SGSN and the RNC.