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HMS Vanguard was one of the Royal Navy’s early dreadnoughts, a St. Vincent-class battleship built at the height of Britain’s naval supremacy. When she entered service in 1909, she represented the cutting edge of power projection — but by the First World War, she was already considered one of the fleet’s older capital ships. Stationed with the Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow, Vanguard served with quiet reliability, taking part in the Battle of Jutland and performing her duties much like dozens of other dreadnoughts anchored in the windswept Orkney islands. Nothing about her career suggested that she would soon become the scene of one of the most shocking disasters in Royal Navy history. On the night of 9 July 1917, the ship lay quietly at anchor. The day had been ordinary — drills, routine maintenance, and the monotony of wartime waiting. Shortly before midnight, a tremendous explosion ripped through the still water of Scapa Flow. Witnesses aboard nearby ships saw Vanguard vanish in an instant, consumed by fire and smoke before disappearing beneath the surface. Out of roughly 800 men aboard, only two survived. In mere seconds, the battleship had been obliterated. A Board of Inquiry would later try to determine what caused the catastrophe. No enemy submarines or mines were detected, and sabotage seemed improbable. Investigators instead focused on Vanguard’s magazines — the spaces where volatile cordite propellant was stored. They suspected that overheating, poor ventilation, or aging cordite had triggered a chain reaction that detonated her magazines. Similar accidents had already claimed the pre-dreadnought Bulwark and the cruiser Natal, and at Jutland, unstable cordite practices had destroyed Queen Mary and Invincible. The lesson was clear but painfully learned: speed and gunnery drills had taken priority over safety. The wreck of Vanguard still rests on the floor of Scapa Flow, preserved as a war grave. Divers visit her remains, where twisted steel and scattered debris mark the resting place of hundreds of sailors who died not in battle, but in a mysterious peacetime explosion. The cause remains uncertain even today — whether spontaneous ignition, overheated bulkheads, or another hidden fault — yet the tragedy forced the Royal Navy to reform how it handled ammunition and shipboard safety. Vanguard’s destruction stands as a haunting reminder that even the mightiest warships could be undone by a moment of neglect. Forgotten by many, she remains one of the largest accidental losses in British naval history — a silent dreadnought resting beneath the cold waters of Scapa Flow. Sources/Other Reading: https://www.amazon.com/Castles-Steel-... https://www.amazon.com/British-Battle... https://www.amazon.com/Jutland-1916-C... https://www.amazon.com/Jutland-Unfini... https://www.amazon.com/German-Battlec... https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/what-w... https://www.jutland1916.com/ Video Information: Copyright fair use notice. All media used in this video is used for the purpose of education under the terms of fair use. All footage and images used belong to their copyright holders, when applicable.