Izmir, Turkey, 5 May 2024 | Ancient Smyrna has a long and illustrious history! скачать в хорошем качестве

Izmir, Turkey, 5 May 2024 | Ancient Smyrna has a long and illustrious history!

Izmir, Turkey's third-largest city, is both linked to Alexander the Great and mentionen in the Bible as the ancient Greek city of Smyrna. Watch my other Turkey videos:    • Turkey | Turquía 🇹🇷   Izmir is the third most populous city in Turkey, after Istanbul and Ankara, and the largest urban agglomeration on the Aegean Sea. The city is one of the oldest settlements of the Mediterranean basin, havings more than 3,000 years of recorded urban history, and up to 8,500 years of history as a human settlement since the Neolithic period. In classical antiquity the city was known as Smyrna – a name which remained in use in English until around 1930. The site of modern Izmir was settled by aboriginal Anatolians as long ago as the third millennium BC. Around 600 BC, Lydian raids sent the area into a long decline; it was recovering tentatively when Alexander the Great appeared in 334 BC. Spurred by a timely dream corroborated by the oracle of Apollo at Claros, Alexander decreed the foundation of a new, better-fortified settlement on Mount Pagos, the flat-topped hill today adorned with the Kadifekale. His generals, Antigonus and Lysimachus, carried out Alexander’s plan after his death, by which time the city bore the name Smyrna, familiar to the West for centuries after. The Agora of Smyrna is an obvious historical site to visit in Izmir. It is an ancient Roman agora originally built by the Greeks in the 4th century BC. It agora was ruined by an earthquake in 178 AD and Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius ordered its reconstruction. Excavations started here in 1933. In 2020, the Agora of Smyrna became a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of The Historical Port City of Izmir. A newer archaelogical site from the same period is the Roman-built Smyrna Theatre from the 2nd Century BC. Excavations are ongoing, meaning its not open for visitors. The theatre was built on the slope between the Agora and the Acropolis hill to host political, cultural, and religious activates. Artifacts from both the Agora and the Roman Theatre can be seen at Izmir Archaeological and Ethnography Museum. By the end of the 1st century the city already hosted a small Christian community. The Church of Smyrna was also one of the Seven Churches of Revelation, mentioned at the New Testament, Book of Revelation, written by John of Patmos. Around 110 AD, Ignatius of Antioch wrote a number of epistles among them to the people of Smyrna and its bishop, Polycarp. The latter martyred during the middle of the 2nd century AD. Roman rule endowed the city with impressive buildings, but Arab raids in the seventh century AD triggered several centuries of turbulence. Selçuk Turks held the city for two decades prior to 1097, when the Byzantines recaptured it. The 13th-century Latin tenure in Constantinople provoked another era of disruption at Smyrna, with Crusaders, Genoese, Tamerlane’s Mongols and minor Turkish emirs jockeying for position. Order was re-established in 1415 by Mehmet I, who finally incorporated the town into the Ottoman Empire, his successors repulsing repeated Venetian efforts to retake it. Following World War I, Greece was given an indefinite mandate over Smyrna and its hinterland. Foolishly, a huge Greek expeditionary force pressed inland, inciting the resistance of the Turkish nationalists under Atatürk. The climactic defeat in the two-year struggle against Greece and her nominal French and Italian allies was the entry into Smyrna of the Turkish army on September 9, 1922. The secular republic not having yet been proclaimed, the reconquest of the city took on the character of a successfully concluded jihad, or holy Muslim war, with three days of murder and plunder. Almost seventy percent of the city burned to the ground and thousands of non-Muslims died. A quarter of a million refugees huddled at the quayside while British, American, French and Italian vessels stood idly by, refusing to grant them safe passage until the third day. You might feel Izmir being more pleasant than Istanbul, less touristic and easy to get around by foot. Or public transport or taxi. All locations in this video was reached by walking a full day. One can also have day trips to Ephesus and Pergamon from Izmir, like I did. Izmir information: https://www.smyrnaagorasi.com/en/anci... https://www.smyrnaagorasi.com/en/smyr... https://www.turkishmuseums.com/museum... Music: Jean Dar - Astral Light Album: Milena 37,2° C https://www.jeandar.com