(IUGR)Intrauterine growth restriction ! cause! diagnostic! Treatment! explained ! скачать в хорошем качестве

(IUGR)Intrauterine growth restriction ! cause! diagnostic! Treatment! explained !

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), also known as fetal growth restriction (FGR), is a condition where a fetus fails to achieve its genetically determined growth potential while in the womb. It is most commonly defined as an estimated fetal weight (EFW) below the 10th percentile for its gestational age. Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Clinic +2 Types of IUGR Symmetrical (20–30% of cases): The entire body is proportionally small. This often occurs due to early pregnancy insults like chromosomal abnormalities or infections (e.g., TORCH). Asymmetrical (70–80% of cases): The head and brain are the expected size, but the abdomen and body are small (often called "head sparing"). This usually results from placental insufficiency in the late second or third trimester. Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Clinic +4 Common Causes Maternal Factors: High blood pressure (preeclampsia), chronic kidney disease, severe diabetes, malnutrition, and substance use (smoking, alcohol, or drugs). Placental Factors: Issues with the placenta (e.g., placental insufficiency) or umbilical cord that restrict the flow of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus. Fetal Factors: Multiple gestations (twins/triplets), genetic or chromosomal disorders (e.g., Down syndrome), and congenital infections like cytomegalovirus. MedlinePlus (.gov) MedlinePlus (.gov) +3 Diagnosis & Management Diagnosis: Doctors typically screen using uterine fundal height measurements. If IUGR is suspected, it is confirmed via prenatal ultrasound and Doppler flow studies to assess blood flow through the umbilical cord. Management: While IUGR cannot be reversed, it is managed through frequent monitoring (non-stress tests, biophysical profiles). In severe cases, doctors may recommend early delivery (induction or C-section) to move the baby to a more favorable environment. National Institutes of Health (.gov) National Institutes of Health (.gov) +4 Potential Complications At Birth: Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), trouble maintaining body temperature (hypothermia), breathing difficulties, and increased risk of infection. Long-term: Increased risk of developmental delays, obesity, and cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes later in life. Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Clinic +3 Would you like to know more about the specific monitoring tests used or the long-term developmental outcomes for babies born with IUGR?