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For more information: http://www.7activestudio.com [email protected] http://www.7activemedical.com/ [email protected] http://www.sciencetuts.com/ [email protected] Contact: +91- 9700061777, 040-64501777 / 65864777 7 Active Technology Solutions Pvt.Ltd. is an educational 3D digital content provider for K-12. We also customise the content as per your requirement for companies platform providers colleges etc . 7 Active driving force "The Joy of Happy Learning" -- is what makes difference from other digital content providers. We consider Student needs, Lecturer needs and College needs in designing the 3D & 2D Animated Video Lectures. We are carrying a huge 3D Digital Library ready to use. Sp3 (or) tetrahedral hybridization: Definition: "The process of intermixing of one s and three p orbitals to give four identical hybrid orbitals is known as sp3 (or) tetrahedral hybridization". Characteristics Sp3 hybridization: In this hybridization four hybrid orbitals are formed. These hybrid orbitals takes the direction of p- orbitals. Each sp3 hybrid orbital possess 25% s-character and 75% p-character. The hybrid orbitals are oriented along the four corners of regular tetrahedron at an angle of 1090281. Hence this hybridization is called tetrahedral hybridization. Sp3 hybrid orbitals are bigger than sp2 and sp hybrid orbitals. Therefore the shape of sp3 hybridization atom is tetrahedral with an angle 1090281. Examples: CH4: Methane C2H6: Ethane NH3: Ammonia H2O: Water Structure of Methane, CH4 (or) Formation of Methane: Consider methane (CH4). The central atom is carbon in this molecule. The atomic number of carbon is 6 and general electronic configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p2, which is ground state electronic configuration of carbon. The excited state electronic configuration of carbon is 2s1 2p3 One 2s electron is promoted to 2pz orbital then electronic configuration of carbon is 1s2 2s12px12py12pz1. The 2s and 2px, 2py, 2pz orbitals of carbon undergoes sp3 hybridization and form four identical hybrid orbitals. These four sp3 hybrid orbitals have one electron each. In methane molecule the four sp3 hybrid orbitals of each carbon atom overlaps axially and separately with 1s orbital of four hydrogen atoms and form four sigma (sp3-s) bonds. The four sp3 hybrid orbitals are directed towards four corners of regular tetrahedral with bond angle 1090 281. Therefore the shape of methane molecule is tetrahedral.