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Approaches to Experimental Pit Dwelling Reconstructions in the Japanese Central Highlands

John Ertl & Yasuyuki Yoshida (Japan) ... Architectural History, Community Archaeology, and Ethnology In Japan, over 1,000 prehistoric dwelling reconstructions have been built at 350 different locations since 1949. Pit dwellings from the Neolithic Jomon period (14,000–300 BCE) are the most common, based on archaeological remains largely limited to pits and postholes. Therefore, decisions on material and designs come from various sources - some based in science and others rooted in cultural ideologies or individual’s preferences. This paper compares reconstructions at three sites in the Central Highlands region of Japan. Despite archaeological similarities (settlements from same period with similar artifact assemblages), the shape of, and approach toward reconstructions at each site are remarkably different. At the Togariishi site (built 1949) the design was made by Horiguchi Sutemi, a modernist architect and historian inspired by the past to find a “Japaneseness” (based in traditional farmhouses) that could intermix with Western architecture. At the Idojiri site (built 1958, redesigned 1993) archaeologists rejected “academic” concerns with scientific accuracy and embraced a community-centered approach to archaeological research and reconstruction. Lastly, the pit houses at the Umenoki site (2014 to present) have been based on ethnological examples from North America. Unique to Japan, Umenoki hired a “live-in” re-enactor to collaboratively (with site archaeologists and the public) and experimentally rebuild several structures. Our paper is premised on the idea that reconstructions “reflect the culture and times of their creators, rather than being faithful reproductions of the original” (Stanley-Price 2009: 37). As such, we argue that questions about the “accuracy” of reconstructions cannot be examined outside of ethnographic questions surrounding their creation. Our analysis shows how these buildings reflect the post-war history of archaeological practice and its relation to issues of community, nationalism, and social memory. #EXARC #ExperimentalArchaeology #EAC12