මිරිස් පැල සිටුවීම-MICH HY 1 (දෙමුහුම්) скачать в хорошем качестве

මිරිස් පැල සිටුවීම-MICH HY 1 (දෙමුහුම්)

Transplanting is a critical stage in chilli cultivation, as it ensures healthy seedling establishment and promotes vigorous growth. Proper transplanting techniques help minimize transplant shock, improve root development, and set the stage for a successful crop. Below is a step-by-step guide to chilli transplanting, tailored for optimal results in Sri Lanka or similar climates. --- *1. Seedling Preparation* *Seedling Age**: Chilli seedlings are typically ready for transplanting **25-35 days after sowing**, when they have **4-6 true leaves* and a strong root system. *Hardening Off**: Gradually expose seedlings to outdoor conditions (sunlight, wind) for **5-7 days* before transplanting to reduce transplant shock. **Watering**: Water the seedlings thoroughly a day before transplanting to ensure the root ball holds together during transplantation. --- *2. Field Preparation* **Soil Type**: Chillies prefer well-drained, fertile soil with a pH of **6.0-7.0**. Sandy loam or loamy soils are ideal. **Land Preparation**: Plow and harrow the field to a fine tilth. Remove weeds, stones, and debris. Incorporate well-decomposed organic manure (e.g., compost or cow dung) to improve soil fertility. **Bed Preparation**: Form raised beds or ridges to improve drainage, especially in areas with heavy rainfall. Beds should be *60-90 cm apart* (row spacing) and **15-20 cm high**. --- *3. Transplanting Process* *Timing**: Transplant seedlings in the **early morning* or *late afternoon* to avoid heat stress. **Spacing**: Maintain a spacing of *45-60 cm between plants* and **60-90 cm between rows**, depending on the chilli variety. Closer spacing is suitable for smaller varieties, while larger varieties require more space. **Planting Depth**: Dig holes slightly deeper than the root ball of the seedling. Place the seedling in the hole, ensuring the root ball is covered with soil but the stem is not buried too deeply (to prevent stem rot). **Watering After Transplanting**: Water the seedlings immediately after transplanting to settle the soil around the roots. Use a gentle stream of water to avoid displacing the seedlings. --- *4. Post-Transplant Care* **Mulching**: Apply organic mulch (e.g., straw or dried leaves) around the base of the plants to conserve soil moisture, regulate temperature, and suppress weeds. *Shade Protection**: Provide temporary shade (e.g., using shade nets or palm leaves) for the first **3-5 days* to protect seedlings from intense sunlight. **Irrigation**: Use drip irrigation or light sprinklers to maintain consistent soil moisture. Avoid overwatering, as chillies are sensitive to waterlogging. **Fertilization**: Apply a balanced fertilizer (e.g., NPK 15:15:15) *7-10 days after transplanting* to promote early growth. Use organic fertilizers like compost or vermicompost for sustainable cultivation. --- *5. Monitoring and Maintenance* **Weed Control**: Keep the field weed-free, especially during the early stages of growth. **Pest and Disease Management**: Monitor for common pests (e.g., aphids, thrips) and diseases (e.g., damping-off, bacterial wilt). Use organic or chemical controls as needed. **Support**: For taller varieties, provide stakes or trellises to support the plants as they grow. --- *6. Common Mistakes to Avoid* Transplanting seedlings that are too young or too old. Planting too deeply, which can lead to stem rot. Overwatering or underwatering after transplanting. Failing to harden off seedlings, resulting in transplant shock. --- *Conclusion* Proper transplanting is essential for establishing healthy chilli plants and achieving high yields. By following these steps—preparing seedlings, ensuring proper spacing, and providing post-transplant care—farmers in Sri Lanka can optimize their chilli cultivation and ensure a successful crop. Drip irrigation and mulching further enhance water efficiency and plant health, making the process more sustainable.