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GANGRENE ( peripheral vascular disease ) history taking and case presentation (audio)

Gangrene ( peripheral vascular disease ) history taking and case presentation (audio) Subject ~ surgery practical Topic ~ Gangrene Ideal for ~ MBBS practical exams viva case presentation and examination for detailed history and case study read my blog https://drpulse07.blogspot.com/2020/0... for visual and detailed examination visit http://gestyy.com/ew68e7 ~~ What Is Gangrene? Gangrene happens when tissues in your body die after a loss of blood caused by illness, injury, or infection. It usually happens in extremities like fingers, toes, and limbs, but you can also get gangrene in your organs and muscles. There are different types of gangrene, and all of them need medical care right away. ~~ Gangrene Risk Factors Any condition that affects your blood flow increases your chances of getting gangrene, including: Diabetes Narrowed arteries (atherosclerosis) Peripheral artery disease Smoking Trauma or serious injury Serious frostbite Obesity Raynaud's phenomenon (a condition in which the blood vessels that supply your skin become narrowed) Weakened immune system ~~ Gangrene Types There are two main types of gangrene: Dry gangrene: This is more common in people who have vascular disease, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases. It usually affects your hands and feet. It happens when something -- often, poor circulation -- blocks blood flow to a certain area. As your tissue dries up, it changes color. It may be brown to purplish-blue to black. The tissue often falls off. Unlike with other types of gangrene, you typically don’t have an infection. But dry gangrene can lead to wet gangrene if it becomes infected. Wet gangrene: This type almost always involves an infection. Burns or trauma in which a body part is crushed or squeezed can quickly cut off blood supply to the area, killing tissue and raising the odds of infection. The tissue swells and blisters; it’s called "wet" because it causes pus. Infection from wet gangrene can spread swiftly around your body. Types of wet gangrene include: Internal gangrene: This is gangrene that affects your internal organs. It’s usually related to an infected organ such as your appendix or colon. Gas gangrene: Gas gangrene is rare but especially dangerous. It happens when you get an infection deep inside your body, such as inside muscles or organs, usually because of trauma. Bacteria called clostridia release dangerous toxins or poisons, along with gas that can be trapped in your tissue. Your skin may become pale and gray and make a crackling sound when pressed. Without treatment, gas gangrene can be deadly within 48 hours. Fournier’s gangrene: Also a rare condition, Fournier’s gangrene is caused by an infection in your genital area. It affects men more often than women. If the infection gets into your bloodstream, a condition called sepsis, it can be life-threatening. Progressive bacterial synergistic gangrene (Meleney’s gangrene): This type usually causes painful lesions on your skin 1 to 2 weeks after surgery or minor trauma. It’s also rare. ~~ Gangrene Symptoms ~ Dry gangrene symptoms include: Shriveled skin that changes from blue to black and eventually comes off Cold, numb skin Pain ~ Symptoms of wet gangrene include: Swelling and pain Fever and feeling unwell Red, brown, purple, blue, greenish-black, or black skin Blisters or sores with a bad-smelling discharge (pus) A crackling noise when you press on the affected area Thin, shiny, or hairless skin A line between healthy and damaged skin Internal gangrene causes severe pain in the affected area. For example, if you have gangrene in your appendix or colon, you’d probably have belly pain. Internal gangrene can also cause a fever. ~~ Gangrene Diagnosis Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. You may have: Blood tests. These look for bacteria or check for signs of infection, like more white blood cells than usual. Imaging tests. CT and MRI tests tell your doctor whether your gangrene has spread and if gas has built up in your tissues. In an arteriogram, your doctor injects dye into your blood and then takes an X-ray to check blood flow and look for blocked arteries. Cultures. Your doctor might take a sample of blood, fluid, or tissue, and look at it under a microscope for signs of bacteria or tissue death. Surgery. This can confirm internal gangrene or tell your doctor whether gangrene has spread. ~~ Gangrene Complications If an infection gets into your blood, you may get sepsis and go into septic shock. This needs treatment right away. Symptoms include: Low blood pressure Rapid heartbeat Shortness of breath Change in body temperature Lightheadedness Body pain and rash Confusion Cold, clammy, pale skin