Hypersplenism (Overactive Spleen) ; Definition, causes, symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment скачать в хорошем качестве

Hypersplenism (Overactive Spleen) ; Definition, causes, symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Hypersplenism is a condition characterized by an overactive spleen, leading to the removal of normal blood cells from the circulation. Types: 1. Primary hypersplenism: Idiopathic or related to splenic disease. 2. Secondary hypersplenism: Resulting from underlying conditions (e.g., liver disease, cancer). Causes: 1. Splenic enlargement (e.g., trauma, infection) 2. Liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis) 3. Cancer (e.g., lymphoma, leukemia) 4. Inflammatory disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) 5. Infections (e.g., mononucleosis) Symptoms: 1. Fatigue 2. Weakness 3. Anemia 4. Bleeding or bruising 5. Infections Diagnostic Criteria: 1. Splenomegaly 2. Cytopenias (anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia) 3. Bone marrow hyperplasia 4. Increased splenic sequestration of blood cells Laboratory Tests: 1. Complete Blood Count (CBC) 2. Blood smear 3. Bone marrow biopsy 4. Imaging studies (CT, MRI, ultrasound) Treatment: 1. Splenectomy (surgical removal of spleen) 2. Medications (e.g., corticosteroids, immunosuppressants) 3. Supportive care (e.g., blood transfusions) Complications: 1. Infection 2. Bleeding 3. Thrombosis 4. Organ damage (e.g., liver, kidney) Stages: 1. Mild: Cytopenias without significant symptoms. 2. Moderate: Cytopenias with mild symptoms. 3. Severe: Cytopenias with significant symptoms. Prognosis: 1. Variable depending on underlying cause. 2. Splenectomy can improve cytopenias. 3. Risk of complications (e.g., infection, bleeding). #Hypersplenism