Why Planes still use Leaded Fuels - Leaded Avgas скачать в хорошем качестве

Why Planes still use Leaded Fuels - Leaded Avgas

The story of leaded avgas from its inception to its widespread use within the general aviation industry. What unleaded alternatives exist and what are the health impacts of lead. Any factual errors are a result of my own and not any material referenced. References: 1-Larsen, B. and Sánchez-Triana, E. (2023) “Global health burden and cost of lead exposure in children and adults: a health impact and economic modelling analysis,” The Lancet Planetary Health, 7(10), pp. e831–e840. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(23)00166-3. 2-Taylor, M.P. et al. (2016) “The relationship between atmospheric lead emissions and aggressive crime: an ecological study,” Environmental Health, 15(1), p. 23. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-016-0122-3. 3-Munusamy, E.K. and Mohsin, R. (2018) “ANTI-KNOCKING CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTOR GASOLINE FUEL IN RECIPROCATING LYCOMING O-320 ENGINE IN COMPARISON TO AVIATION GASOLINE FUEL.” 4- Eschner, K. (2016) Leaded Gas Was a Known Poison the Day It Was Invented, Smithsonian Magazine. Available at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/... (Accessed: September 1, 2025). 5- “AVGAS: where from where to – AOPA NZ” (2022), 1 December. Available at: https://aopa.nz/avgas-where-from-where-to/ (Accessed: September 4, 2025). 6- Demirbas, A. et al. (2015) “Octane Rating of Gasoline and Octane Booster Additives,” Petroleum Science and Technology, 33(11), pp. 1190–1197. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2015.1050506. 7- Engine Fuel Octane Ratings – A Short History – Calum Douglas (no date). Available at: https://www.calum-douglas.com/engine-fuel-... (Accessed: September 1, 2025). 8- “ASTM D910 − 21” (no date). ASTM International. 9- Weber, V. (2023) “The Transition to Unleaded Aviation Gasoline,” 4 August. Available at: https://esassoc.com/news-and-ideas/2023/08..., https://esassoc.com/news-and-ideas/2023/08... (Accessed: September 4, 2025). 10- Patočka, J. (2008) “Organic Lead Toxicology,” Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic), 51(4), pp. 209–213. Available at: https://doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2017.26. 11- Li, T.-M. and Simmons, R.F. (1982) “The mechanism of lead scavenging by dibromoethane,” Symposium (International) on Combustion, 19(1), pp. 1487–1494. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0082-0784(82)80325-1. 12- Mills, A. and Peckham, S. (2022) “Lead exposure from general aviation emissions in the UK: A review and call for action,” Public Health Challenges, 1(4), p. e27. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/puh2.27. 13- Canfield, R.L. et al. (2003) “Intellectual impairment in children with blood lead concentrations below 10 microg per deciliter,” The New England Journal of Medicine, 348(16), pp. 1517–1526. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa022848. 14 - (US EPA, O. (2023) EPA Determines that Lead Emissions from Aircraft Engines Cause or Contribute to Air Pollution. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-deter... (Accessed: September 5, 2025). 15- California 2031 Leaded Avgas Ban Signed Into Law - AVweb (2024). Available at: https://avweb.com/ownership/california-lea... (Accessed: August 31, 2025). 16- GAMI Should Be Allowed To Sink Or Swim On Its Own - AVweb (2023). Available at: https://avweb.com/insider/gami-should-be-a... (Accessed: September 5, 2025). 17- G100UL (no date). Available at: https://g100ul.com (Accessed: September 5, 2025). 18- Moore, J. (2025) Swift earns ASTM approval of 100-octane unleaded. Available at: https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/all-ne... (Accessed: September 5, 2025). 19- “IARC Monographs evaluation of the carcinogenicity of automotive gasoline and some oxygenated gasoline additives” (2025). Available at: https://www.iarc.who.int/news-events/iarc-... (Accessed: September 5, 2025). 20- FAA clears GAMI Unleaded in all Spark Ignition Engines - Australian Flying (2022). Available at: https://www.australianflying.com.au/latest... (Accessed: August 31, 2025). 21 - Diamond Aircraft DA62 – Technical Specifications (no date). Available at: https://www.diamondaircraft.com/en/private... (Accessed: September 5, 2025).