Retinoblastoma is a cause of leukocoria скачать в хорошем качестве

Retinoblastoma is a cause of leukocoria

📧 EM Note Newsletter https://forms.gle/8boToiKDXVE3V8U19 Signup to get free weekly PDF via email. PS: Please join our membership for more perks (members can request for specific PDF file by posting in the EM Note YouTube Membership section). Homepage: EMNote.org ■ 🚩Membership: https://tinyurl.com/joinemnote 🚩ACLS Lecture: https://tinyurl.com/emnoteacls Leukocoria is defined as a white pupillary reflex, observed clinically as an abnormal white reflection from the retina through the pupil, instead of the normal red reflex. This finding is most commonly detected during direct ophthalmoscopy, pediatric red reflex screening, or incidentally in flash photography, where the affected eye appears white rather than red. Leukocoria is a critical clinical sign in infants and children, as it may indicate serious underlying ocular pathology. The differential diagnosis for leukocoria is broad and includes both life- and vision-threatening conditions. The most urgent etiology is retinoblastoma, which accounts for approximately half of leukocoria cases in infants and requires prompt recognition and referral. Other causes include congenital cataract, persistent fetal vasculature, Coats’ disease, retinopathy of prematurity, ocular toxocariasis, trauma, and less commonly, inflammatory or vascular conditions. Rarely, optical artifacts in photography can mimic leukocoria in otherwise normal eyes. Any child presenting with leukocoria warrants immediate and thorough ophthalmologic evaluation, as early diagnosis is essential for optimal visual and systemic outcomes. The American College of Radiology recommends initial assessment with detailed history, ophthalmologic examination, and targeted imaging when indicated. The clinical approach should prioritize exclusion of malignancy and other treatable causes.