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Join me at the Beijing Automobile Museum to uncover the secrets of an impossible 2000-year-old machine. This is the south-pointing chariot, or zhǐ nán chē, an ancient mechanical compass that could hold its direction without magnets. Throughout the video we will look at a full-sized replica, a fully functioning prototype, we will talk about differential gears, why the chariot could not work in practice, and we will also cover the parallel transport problem. While it may have been a failure as a practical navigation device, the south-pointing chariot stands as a testament to incredible ingenuity. It is an ancestor to the modern inertial navigation systems used in spacecraft and submarines today. It is a beautiful example of an idea being far ahead of the technology of its time. 🔔 SUBSCRIBE for more stories from the world of science and engineering! @Prof_Gio 📌 Support the channel: If you find my work valuable, consider sharing this video. It helps YouTube recommend it to more people. CHAPTERS 00:00 Introduction: An Impossible Vehicle 00:56 The South-Pointing Chariot 01:35 The Legend of the Yellow Emperor 02:24 A Real Inventor: Ma Jun 02:56 A Modern Car's Secret 04:40 How the Gears Work (A Closer Look) 08:14 A Closely Guarded Imperial Secret 08:54 Fatal Flaw 1: The Problem of Perfect Wheels 10:23 Fatal Flaw 2: The Problem of Wheel Slip 11:16 The Missing Control System 12:02 Fatal Flaw 3: The Geometry of a Round Planet 14:14 Conclusion: A Brilliant Failure