Classification of living things || Classification of Living Organisms || Taxonomy || Biology basics скачать в хорошем качестве

Classification of living things || Classification of Living Organisms || Taxonomy || Biology basics

The science of classifying living things is called taxonomy. Linnaeus introduced the classification system that forms the basis of modern classification. Taxa in the Linnaean system include the kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Linnaeus also developed binomial nomenclature for naming species. Song: Jarico - Island Music supported by #BackgroundMusicWithoutLimitations Lesson Objectives Define taxonomy. Outline Linnaeus’ contributions to taxonomy. Describe the three-domain system of classification. Decide how viruses should be classified. Lesson Vocabulary binomial nomenclature class domain family genus (genera, plural) kingdom Linnaeus order phylum (phyla, plural) species (singular and plural) taxon (taxa, plural) taxonomy virus Introduction When you see an organism that you have never seen before, you probably group it with other, similar organisms without even thinking about it. You would probably classify it on the basis of obvious physical characteristics. For example, if an organism is green and has leaves, no doubt you would classify it as a plant. How would you classify the organisms in Figure below? They look quite similar, but scientists place them in very different categories. The organism on the left is a type of fungus. The organism on the right is an animal called a sponge. In many ways, a sponge is no more like a fungus than you are. [Figure 1] A fungus (left) and sponge (right) are placed in two different kingdoms of living things. Taxonomy Like you, scientists also group together similar organisms. The science of classifying living things is called taxonomy. Scientists classify living things in order to organize and make sense of the incredible diversity of life. Modern scientists base their classifications mainly on molecular similarities. They group together organisms that have similar proteins and DNA. Molecular similarities show that organisms are related. In other words, they are descendants of a common ancestor in the past. Contributions of Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) is called the “father of taxonomy.” You may already be familiar with the classification system Linnaeus introduced. Linnaean Classification System You can see the main categories, or taxa (taxon, singular), of the Linnaean system in Figure below. As an example, the figure applies the Linnaean system to classify our own species, Homo sapiens. Although the Linnaean system has been revised, it forms the basis of modern classification systems. [Figure 2] The broadest category in the Linnaean system is the kingdom. Figure above shows the Animal Kingdom because Homo sapiens belongs to that kingdom. Other kingdoms include the Plant Kingdom, Fungus Kingdom, and Protist Kingdom. Kingdoms are divided, in turn, into phyla (phylum, singular). Each phylum is divided into classes, each class into orders, each order into families, and each family into genera (genus, singular). Each genus is divided into one or more species. The species is the narrowest category in the Linnaean system. A species is defined as a group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring together. Binomial Nomenclature Linnaeus is also famous for his method of naming species, which is still used today. The method is called binomial nomenclature. Every species is given a unique two-word name. Usually written in Latin, it includes the genus name followed by the species name. Both names are always written in italics, and the genus name is always capitalized. For example, the human species is named Homo sapiens. The species of the family dog is named Canis familiaris. Coming up with a scientific naming method may not seem like a big deal, but it really is. Prior to Linnaeus, there was no consistent way to name species. Names given to organisms by scientists were long and cumbersome. Often, different scientists came up with different names for the same species. Common names also differed, generally from one place to another. A single, short scientific name for each species avoided a lot of mistakes and confusion. Domains When Linnaeus was naming and classifying organisms in the 1700s, almost nothing was known of microorganisms. With the development of powerful microscopes, scientists discovered many single-celled organisms that didn’t fit into any of Linnaeus’ kingdoms. As a result, a new taxon, called the domain, was added #Coronavirusvaccine #coronavirus #Microbiologist #vaccination #viralvaccines #bacterialvaccines #pzifersexual #asexual#pak#europe#Covid19#coronavirus #coronavaccine #ramzan2021 #microbiology #parasitology #pathology #biotechnology #forensic #Gramstaining #biology #staining #microscopy #knowledge #education #howto #basicsciences #lifesciences #coronavaccine #ramzan2021 #microbiology #parasitology #pathology #biotechnology #forensic #hantavirus #ebola #h1n1 #swineflu #novo #rabies #birdflu #poliovirus #avianflu #denguemosquito MICROBIOLOGIST #COVID19 #STAINING #DIFFERENTIALSTAININ