Ecosystems , The Food Chain - Biology Chapter 4, ICSE Class 8 скачать в хорошем качестве

Ecosystems , The Food Chain - Biology Chapter 4, ICSE Class 8

An ecosystem is a self-contained "house" where living organisms, known as biotic components, interact with their physical environment, or abiotic components, such as sunlight, air, water, and soil. Within these systems, such as a pond or a forest, green plants (producers) use photosynthesis to create food, forming the base of all nourishment. They are followed by consumers, which include herbivores that eat plants directly and carnivores that eat other animals. Finally, decomposers like bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter, recycling essential nutrients back into the soil. The flow of energy between these organisms is organized into food chains, which are linear sequences of who eats whom. In nature, these chains are interconnected to form complex food webs, which provide stability by offering animals alternative food sources if one becomes scarce. These relationships are often represented by food pyramids, which show that the number of individuals and the total mass of living matter (biomass) are always greatest at the producer level and decrease as you move up toward top predators. Species also depend on each other through various interactions: symbiosis, where both benefit; parasitism, where one benefits at the expense of a host; and predation. Every region has its own unique flora (plants) and fauna (animals) based on the climate, such as the tropical rain forests or coniferous forests. However, human activities like industrialization have caused ecological degradation, making it essential to conserve and restore the natural balance of our ecosystems to ensure a healthy environment for the future. Other chapters from ICSE Class 8 Biology Book: Ch. 1 Transport in Plants    • Transport in Plants, The Plant Superhighwa...   Ch. 2 Reproduction in Plants    • Reproduction in Plants - Biology Chapter 2...   Ch. 3 Reproduction in Humans    • Reproduction in Humans - Biology Chapter 3...   Ch. 4 Ecosystems : this chapter Ch. 5 Endocrine System and Adolescence    • Endocrine System and Adolescence, Secret M...   Ch. 6 The Circulatory System    • The Circulatory System - Biology Chapter 6...   Ch. 7 Nervous System    • The Nervous System - Biology Chapter 7, IC...   Ch. 8 Diseases and First Aid    • Diseases and First Aid - Biology Chapter 8...   Ch. 9 Food Production    • Food Production - The Hidden World on Your...   #dohrao #dohraoicseclassh8 #icseclass8 #icse #icseclass8biology #dohraoicseclass8biology