Carcinoid Tumors of Appendix скачать в хорошем качестве

Carcinoid Tumors of Appendix

Carcinoid tumors develop not only in digestive tract but also within Lungs. Within the digestive tract, appendix is a fairly common site of development of Carcinoid tumors. Appendiceal carcinoids demonstrate a female predominance and tend to appear at a younger age as compared to other appendiceal malignancies. The average patient diagnosed with appendiceal carcinoid is in Early 40. Two- Thirds of carcinoid tumors are located at tip of appendix and 20 % are located in body of appendix. Carcinoid tumors of appendix are normally indolent but can present with hepatic and nodal mets. The calculated rate of Lymph Node involvement for tumors up to 1 centimeter size is 15 %. 47 % Lymph Node involvement for tumors between size 1 to 2 centimeters. For carcinoids greater than 2 centimeters, Lymph Node involvement is 86 %. Measurement of Serum Chromogranin A is recommended. Studies have found that those patients who have appendiceal carcinoid less than 2 centimeters size have undergone appendectomy alone and there was no recurrence noted in these individuals on a long term follow-up of 14 years. Traditionally Right Hemicolectomy is advised for carcinoid tumors greater than 2 centimeters in size or involvement of base of appendix by carcinoid tumor.