Upsc video 19 :Democracy and all its component within 28 minutes скачать в хорошем качестве

Upsc video 19 :Democracy and all its component within 28 minutes

Democracy: Meaning, Evolution, Models, Critiques & Contemporary Challenges Total Duration: 28 Minutes ⸻ ⏱️ 0:00 – 2:30 | Introduction: Why Democracy Matters • Democracy as a cornerstone of modern political legitimacy • Lincoln’s definition vs lived reality “Government of the people, by the people, for the people” • Democracy not merely a form of government, but a way of life • Relevance in the 21st century: protests, elections, digital participation Hook line: Democracy survives not because it is perfect, but because it is corrigible. ⸻ ⏱️ 2:30 – 6:00 | Meaning and Core Principles of Democracy Core Elements: • Popular sovereignty • Political equality • Consent of the governed • Rule of law • Accountability Scholars: • Abraham Lincoln – moral definition • Dicey – political equality & rule of law • David Held – democracy as a cluster of arrangements 👉 Democracy is both procedural and substantive ⸻ ⏱️ 6:00 – 10:00 | Classical Theory of Democracy Greek Origins: • Athenian Direct Democracy • Exclusion of women, slaves → democratic but not egalitarian Thinkers: • Aristotle: democracy as rule of the poor • Rousseau: General Will, direct participation • Democracy = moral self-rule ⚠️ Limitation: • Works only in small, homogeneous societies ⸻ ⏱️ 10:00 – 14:00 | Liberal / Representative Democracy Emergence: • Industrialization, large nation-states Features: • Elections • Political parties • Separation of powers • Civil liberties Scholars: • John Locke – consent & limited government • J.S. Mill – representative institutions + education • Madison – filtration of public opinion 👉 Democracy becomes institutional, not emotional ⸻ ⏱️ 14:00 – 18:00 | Contemporary Theories of Democracy 1. Elite Democracy • Joseph Schumpeter • Democracy = method of choosing leaders • Citizens as voters, not rulers “The people never rule; they merely choose who will rule.” ⸻ 2. Pluralist Democracy • Robert Dahl • Multiple groups compete → no monopoly of power • Polyarchy: participation + contestation ⸻ 3. Participatory Democracy • Carole Pateman • Participation builds democratic citizens • Decentralisation, grassroots governance ⸻ 4. Deliberative Democracy • Habermas • Reasoned debate, public discourse • Legitimacy through communication