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High Latitude Navigation

What problems will you face with regards to navigation in higher latitudes? High latitude affects navigation systems and communication systems. Ice may be encountered which may make navigation difficult. Remoteness and possible lack of accurate and complete hydrographic data and information. Proximity to the North Magnetic Pole has an effect on the charts that are supplied and the navigation instruments that are used with them. Magnetic compass is no longer reliable as a direction measuring device. Satellite coverage will gradually decline and then become unusable. False echoes may be given by ice passing underneath the echo sounder. Reduced availability of navigational aids with increased potential for groundings Limited communications capability. Extended periods of darkness or daylight may affect navigation.