Lecture No 4 CENTRIFUGATION PROCESS скачать в хорошем качестве

Lecture No 4 CENTRIFUGATION PROCESS

Centrifugation is a laboratory technique used to separate components of a mixture based on differences in their density, size, and shape by applying centrifugal force. When a mixture is placed in a centrifuge and spun at high speed, heavier or denser particles move outward and settle at the bottom of the container, forming a pellet, while lighter components remain above as the supernatant. Principle Centrifugation works on the principle that particles suspended in a liquid will sediment at different rates when subjected to centrifugal force. The greater the mass or density of a particle, the faster it sediments. Types of centrifugation • Simple centrifugation: Used for separating solids from liquids (e.g., separating blood cells from plasma). • Differential centrifugation: Separates cell components stepwise based on size and density. • Density gradient centrifugation: Uses a density gradient medium to separate particles very precisely (e.g., DNA, RNA, organelles). • Ultracentrifugation: Operates at extremely high speeds to separate very small particles like proteins and viruses. Applications • Separation of blood components in medical laboratories • Isolation of cellular organelles in biology • Clarification of liquids in chemical industries • Purification of macromolecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins