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Design of Public Transit Systems

The design of the infrastructure, the line system, and the fare prices defines the level of service that a public transit system offers to the public. These decisions are of great importance and are not easily revised, hence they should be taken with great care. However, unlike operational decisions on resource allocations of vehicles and crews, which are nowadays routinely optimized using mathematical programming techniques by almost all public transit companies, questions of service design are rarely considered as combinatorial optimization problems, for which mathematical methods could provide valuable decision support. Instead, most systems rather evolve along a path of ad hoc decisions. However, powerful methods have been developed and substantial optimization potentials have been demonstrated. The lecture discusses mathematical optimization approaches to network design, line planning, and fare planning as well as examples of their successful application in real-world examples.