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Monitoring Community Health Through Drainage in Kampala

Can drainage water serve as an early warning system for disease outbreaks? Eawag's EMoCH project, in partnership with Makerere University, the National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC), and Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA), explores whether pathogen monitoring in drainage systems can reach populations currently invisible to conventional wastewater surveillance. Nearly half of the global population relies on non-sewered sanitation – yet these communities remain largely excluded from modern disease monitoring. Using Kampala as a case study, the project tests a scalable surveillance approach that could strengthen public health systems in urban areas worldwide.