Modern History of Panama ( 1903-2026 ). Every Year. Historia de Panamá скачать в хорошем качестве

Modern History of Panama ( 1903-2026 ). Every Year. Historia de Panamá

History of Panama -------------------------------------- Panama's early history began over 12,000 years ago with nomadic hunter-gatherers who settled the isthmus, evolving into diverse indigenous groups like the Cuna, Guaymí, and Chocó by 800 AD. These communities thrived on fishing, farming corn and root crops, and crafting early pottery—one of the oldest in the Americas, found at sites like Monagrillo. They built villages along rivers and coasts, creating vibrant cultures with unique languages and traditions, though their populations (estimated up to 2 million) faced devastating decline from diseases later brought by Europeans. ​ Spanish explorers arrived in 1501 with Rodrigo de Bastidas, followed by Vasco Núñez de Balboa who crossed the isthmus in 1513 to become the first European to see the Pacific Ocean, sparking Panama's role as a vital gold transport route. The Spanish founded Panama City in 1519 as a Pacific hub, ruling for over 300 years amid pirate raids, harsh colonial rule, and indigenous resistance; the isthmus linked the "Spanish Main" treasure fleets. By the early 1800s, Panama broke from Spain in 1821, joining Gran Colombia under Simón Bolívar, but internal strife and economic woes set the stage for later independence struggles.