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Vitamins D and K2

Download my two educational text books for free using this link: http://159.69.48.3 Hard copy of the Physiology Notes text book on ebay, http://ebay.us/DcmyYV?cmpnId=5338273189 Hard copy of the Pathophysiology text book, https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/154260052745 Latest on Vitamin D https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng18... Basically, consider 400 units (10 mcg) per day But, NHS mid Essex https://midessexccg.nhs.uk/medicines-... Routine screening of vitamin D levels and prescribing of Vitamin D is not advisable. Both clinical symptoms and risk factors must be present before measuring Vitamin D levels (25OHD). As yet there is no clear evidence to prove the risks from non-symptomatic Vitamin D deficiency. Adults Vitamin D levels less than 30nmol/L (12ng / ml) Oral capsules, 40,000 units (1,000 mcg or 1 mg) colecalciferol weekly for 7 weeks (400 units per day = 2,800 units per week) Vitamin D levels 30 – 50 nmol/L (12 – 20 ng / ml) Buy your own, 400 units per day Vitamin D levels more than 50 nmol/L (20 ng / ml) Buy your own, consider, 400 units per day Vitamin K1 Phylloquinone Involved in blood coagulation (1929) Found in plant foods like leafy greens Vitamin K2 https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Vit... https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/... Menaquinones Mostly bacterial origin Animal-based and fermented foods Adult vitamin K Adequate Intakes, 90 -120 mcg Fermented foods Sauerkraut Natto High fat dairy from grass fed cows Eggs Animal organs Gut bacteria Antibiotics Vitamin K might play a role, osteoporosis and coronary heart disease Vitamin K-dependent proteins https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22516... Vitamin K2 supplements may improve bone and heart health, while vitamin K1 has no significant benefits https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... Promotes bone calcification Three-year low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation helps decrease bone loss in healthy postmenopausal women https://link.springer.com/article/10.... May prevent tissue calcification Tissue-specific utilization of menaquinone-4 results in the prevention of arterial calcification in warfarin-treated rats https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14654... Vitamin K2 (MK-4) reduced blood vessel calcification whereas vitamin K1 did not https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14654... Dietary intake of menaquinone is associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: the Rotterdam Study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15514... K2 may help with dental health https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9076586/ Especially with vitamin D https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8466530/ Links with liver cancer https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16400... Links with preventing advanced prostate cancer Dietary intake of vitamin K and risk of prostate cancer in the Heidelberg cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Heidelberg) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18400... Synergistic effect with vitamin D Vitamins D and K as pleiotropic nutrients: clinical importance to the skeletal and cardiovascular systems and preliminary evidence for synergy https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21155... Prevalence of hypercalcemia related to hypervitaminosis D in clinical practice https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26995... Determine the concentrations of 25-OH-vitamin D at which the risk of hypercalcemia N = 25,567 Hypervitaminosis D was defined at serum 25-OH-vitamin D more than160 nmol/L (64 ng / ml) Results: 382 samples were identified as the first record of hypervitaminosis D 39 presented hypercalcemia (10.2%) Some had 25-OH-vitamin D levels between 161 and 375 nmol/L. (most subjects presented hypercalcemia at serum concentrations of 25-OH-vitamin D less than 375 nmol/L, 150 ng / ml) In 15 subjects, hypercalcemia could be directly attributed to vitamin D In no case, serum calcium achieved concentrations considered as critical values (more than13 mg/dl). Conclusion Hypercalcemia due to vitamin D represented less than 4% of the total hypervitaminosis D detected Less than 0.1% of the tests performed. Healthline https://www.healthline.com/health/foo... No strong evidence proves that moderate amounts of vitamin D are harmful without an adequate intake of vitamin K. However, research is ongoing, and the picture might become clearer in the near future.