Joan Miró 瓊·米羅 (1893–1983) Surrealism Lyrical Abstraction Spanish скачать в хорошем качестве

Joan Miró 瓊·米羅 (1893–1983) Surrealism Lyrical Abstraction Spanish

[email protected] Joan Miró ,B. 1893, BARCELONA; D. 1983, PALMA DE MALLORCA, SPAIN Joan Miró Ferra was born April 20, 1893, in Barcelona. At the age of 14, he went to business school in Barcelona and also attended La Lonja’s Escuela Superior de Artes Industriales y Bellas Artes in the same city. Upon completing three years of art studies, he took a position as a clerk. After suffering a nervous breakdown, he abandoned business and resumed his art studies, attending Francesc Galí’s Escola d’Art in Barcelona from 1912 to 1915. Miró received early encouragement from the dealer José Dalmau, who gave him his first solo show at his gallery in Barcelona in 1918. In 1917 he met Francis Picabia. In 1920 Miró made his first trip to Paris, where he met Pablo Picasso. From this time, Miró divided his time between Paris and Montroig, Spain. In Paris he associated with the poets Max Jacob, Pierre Reverdy, and Tristan Tzara and participated in Dada activities. Dalmau organized Miró’s first solo show in Paris, at the Galerie la Licorne in 1921. His work was included in the Salon d’Automne of 1923. In 1924 Miró joined the Surrealist group. His solo show at the Galerie Pierre, Paris, in 1925 was a major Surrealist event; Miró was included in the first Surrealist exhibition at the Galerie Pierre that same year. He visited the Netherlands in 1928 and began a series of paintings inspired by Dutch masters. That year he also executed his first papiers collés (pasted papers) and collages. In 1929 he started his experiments in lithography, and his first etchings date from 1933. During the early 1930s he made Surrealist sculptures incorporating painted stones and found objects. In 1936 Miró left Spain because of the civil war; he returned in 1941. Also in 1936 Miró was included in the exhibitions Cubism and Abstract Art and Fantastic Art, Dada, Surrealism at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. The following year he was commissioned to create a monumental work for the Paris World’s Fair. Miró’s first major museum retrospective was held at the Museum of Modern Art, New York, in 1941. In 1944 Miró began working in ceramics with Josep Lloréns y Artigas and started to concentrate on prints; from 1954 to 1958 he worked almost exclusively in these two mediums. He received the Grand Prize for Graphic Work at the Venice Biennale in 1954, and his work was included in the first Documenta exhibition in Kassel the following year. In 1958 Miró was given a Guggenheim International Award for murals for the UNESCO building in Paris. The following year he resumed painting, initiating a series of mural-sized canvases. During the 1960s he began to work intensively in sculpture. Miró retrospectives took place at the Musée National d’Art Moderne, Paris, in 1962, and the Grand Palais, Paris, in 1974. In 1978 the Musée National d’Art Moderne exhibited over five hundred works in a major retrospective of his drawings. Miró died on December 25, 1983, in Palma de Mallorca, Spain. 瓊·米羅1893年，巴塞羅那; D. 1983，PALMA DE MALLORCA，西班牙 瓊·米羅·費拉出生於1893年4月20日，在巴塞羅那。 14歲時，他前往巴塞羅那的商學院，並在同一個城市參加了La Lonja的Escuela Superior de Artes Industriales y Bellas Artes。完成三年的藝術學習後，他擔任書記職務。在遭受神經衰弱之後，他放棄了生意並恢復了他的藝術學習，從1912年到1915年在巴塞羅那參加了FrancescGalí的Escola d'Art。Miró早期受到來自經銷商JoséDalmau的鼓勵，他在他的畫廊舉行了他的第一次個展1918年，巴塞羅那遇見了弗朗西斯·皮比亞（Francis Picabia）。 1920年，米洛第一次來巴黎，在那裡他遇到畢加索畢加索。從這時起，米羅將他在巴黎和西班牙蒙特羅格之間的時間分開。在巴黎，他與詩人Max Jacob，Pierre Reverdy和Tristan Tzara聯手參加了達達的活動。達爾馬組織了Miró在巴黎的第一次個人展覽，在1921年的Galerie la獨角獸。他的作品被列入了1923年的“沙龍”。1926年，Miró加入了超現實主義團體。他在1925年在巴黎畫廊的皮埃爾進行的個人展覽是一場重大的超現實主義活動;同年，Miró被列入了Galerie Pierre的第一場超現實主義展覽。他於1928年訪問了荷蘭，開始了一系列荷蘭主人靈感的繪畫。那年，他還執行了他的第一個紙質文件夾（粘貼的文件）和拼貼畫。在1929年，他開始了他的光刻實驗，他的第一次蝕刻日期從1933年。在20世紀30年代初，他製作了超現實主義的雕塑，包括繪畫石頭和發現的物體。 1936年，米洛因為內戰而離開西班牙，他於1941年回來。同樣在1936年，Miró被包括在紐約現代藝術博物館的立體主義與抽象藝術與藝術美術Dada，超現實主義展覽。次年，他被委任為巴黎世界博覽會創造了巨大的工作。 米羅的第一大博物館回顧展於1941年在紐約現代藝術博物館舉行.1944年，米羅開始與JosepLlorénsy Artigas合作，開始專注於印刷品;從1954年到1958年，他幾乎完全在這兩種媒介中工作。他於1954年在威尼斯雙年展上獲得平面設計大獎，他的作品在明年被列入卡塞爾的第一個文獻館展覽。 1958年，米羅被授予了巴格亞聯合國教科文組織大樓壁畫古根海姆國際獎。第二年，他恢復了繪畫，開創了一系列壁畫大小的畫布。 20世紀60年代，他開始深入雕塑。米羅回顧展於1962年在巴黎的現代藝術博物館和1974年在巴黎的大皇宮舉行。1978年，現代藝術博物館在他的繪畫大型回顧展上展出了五百多件作品。米洛於1983年12月25日在西班牙的帕爾瑪（Palma de Mallorca）逝世。