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How to design Spherical array of annular ring microstrip antennas full tutorial. Spherical array of annular ring microstrip antennas in cst Spherical array of annular ring microstrip antennas in hfss How to design annular ring microstrip antennas The paper discusses the analytical study of spherical arrays of annular ring microstrip antenna (ARMSA) elements excited by electric dipole. A new empirical relation for calculating the nonunifrom current amplitude distributions of these elements has been obtained. The relation contains the information about the current amplitude factor ( ) ∆ of the antenna elements of the spherical array. The narrow beamwidth and low side lobe levels can be obtain by choosing appropriate the current amplitude factor. It is found that for current amplitude factor ( ) 5.0=∆ the radiation pattern have narrow beamwidth and low side lobe levels compared with uniform current distribution array. Circular polarization is realized by this study depends on the spherical array geometry. By using appropriate phase of each antenna elements in spherical arrays, radiation pattern is steered without change of gain and beamwidth. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Key Words: Spherical array , Antenna arrays , Microstrip antenna An array of radiators arranged on the surface of a sphere is of importance because such an array may radiate in any direction. Economies may, therefore, be realized in the construction of antennas designed to cover a very wide angular range. Consequently, interest exists in techniques for analyzing the patterns of a discrete array of identical elements on a sphere which have an arbitrary assignment of amplitude and phase (Murray 1963). Spherical array antennas combine the capabilities of array antennas with the optimal geometry to achieve omni-directional coverage. So far spherical array antennas have received much less attention than planar or circular array antennas. Array antennas that are conformal to other surfaces than the line, circle or plane are a lot more difficult to model and design. Spherical array antennas however, are also highly symmetrical objects, a characteristic that can be exploited in the same way as was done for circular array antennas