DIATHERMY an OVERVIEW скачать в хорошем качестве

DIATHERMY an OVERVIEW

• Diathermy is a therapeutic treatment most commonly prescribed for muscle and joint conditions. • It uses a high-frequency electric current to stimulate heat generation within body tissues. • The heat can help with various processes, including: increasing blood flow. • Diathermy is electrically induced heat or the use of high-frequency electromagnetic currents as a form of physical therapy and in surgical procedures. ... • In surgery, diathermy is used to cauterize blood vessels to prevent excessive bleeding. • The technique is particularly valuable in neurosurgery and surgery of the eye. • Diathermy is the controlled production of "deep heating" beneath the skin in the subcutaneous tissues, deep muscles and joints for therapeutic purposes. • There are basically two types of diathermy devices on the market today: radio or high frequency and microwave. • Although most of the newest diathermy machines are largely safe, the electric fields they generate are still inherently hazardous for the patient, operating surgeons, and theatre staff. • They can cause burn injury, electrocution, operating room fire, smoke inhalation, and gene mutation. • Surgical Diathermy: Diathermy is the treatment process by which cutting, coagulation etc. of tissues are obtained. • It is found that when high frequency current in the range 1-3 MHz is applied heating of tissue takes place. • The evolving steam bubbles in the tissues at the surgical tip continuously rupture the tissue and by that way cutting action is obtained. • Similarly during the passage of the high frequency current through the tissue, the tissue is heated locally. • So that the tissue is melted instantaneously and sealing of the capillary and other blood vessels is taking place. • Thus the coagulation of the tissues takes place. • Fulguration: By passing sparks from a needle or ball electrode of small diameter to the tissue, the developed heat dries out the superficial tissue without affecting deep- seated tissues. • This is called “fulguration” in which the electrode is held near the tissue without touching it and due to passage of the electric arc, the destruction of superficial tissue takes place. • Thus it is related to the localized surface level destruction of tissues. • Desiccation: The needle point electrodes are stuck into the tissue and kept steady while passing electric current. • This creates a high local increase in heat and drying of tissues is taking place. • This is called” Desiccation” which produces dehydration in the tissues. • Electrotomy: When the electrode is kept above the skin, an electrical arc is sent. • The developed heat produces a wedge shaped narrow cutting of the tissue on the surface. • By increasing the current level, deeper level cutting of the tissues takes place. • Normally continuous R.F. current is used for cutting. • Coagulation: When the electrode is kept near the skin, high frequency current is sent through the tissue in the form of bursts and heating it locally so that it coagulates from inside. • The concurrent use of continuous R.F. current for cutting and a R.F. wave burst for coagulation is called Hemostasis mode. • Blending: When the electrode is kept above the skin, the separated tissues or nerves can be welded or combined together by an arc. This is called blending. • Cutting: A combination of fine wire electrodes, high RF voltage and high cutting speeds are necessary for confinement of tissue destruction in electro-surgery. • These parameters are of great value in microsurgery since localization of electrosurgical effects would accompanies by coagulation and hemostasis. • Evolving steam bubbles in the tissues at the surgical tip continuously rupture the tissue and are responsible for the cutting mechanism. •