facing the sun - anthem of the spanish falange (1936 recording)/translation and historical context скачать в хорошем качестве

facing the sun - anthem of the spanish falange (1936 recording)/translation and historical context

__________________________________________________________________________ "Facing the Sun" is the anthem of the Spanish ultranationalist party, the Spanish Falange. It was written in 1935. The music was by Juan Tellería, the main lyrics were by José Antonio Primo de Rivera, and Dionisio Ridruejo and Rafael Sánchez Mazas also contributed to the lyrics. During the Civil War and later under Franco's regime, the song became one of the movement's main symbols and was used as the party anthem. __________________________________________________________________________ The Spanish Falange was a far-right, ultra-nationalist political organization founded on October 29, 1933, at the Comédia Theatre in Madrid by José Antonio Primo de Rivera. On February 15, 1934, the Falange merged with Ramiro Ledesma's Unions of National-Syndicalist Offensive and became known as the Falange Española de las JONS. Falangism was initially an ultra-nationalist ideology with elements of national syndicalism and Catholic clericalism—it was not fascism, although the movement was inspired by European authoritarian models. Falangism was based on the cult of the nation and the leader, anti-liberalism, anti-communism, a policy of mobilization, and a willingness to use violence to "purify" the state. Falangism is an authoritarian, not totalitarian, ideology: the movement focused on political control, mobilization, and repression against opponents, but did not seek to totally control citizens' daily lives, as did the totalitarian regimes of the 20th century. The party performed poorly in elections and positioned itself as a revolutionary street movement. During the political crisis of the 1930s, the Falange actively participated in clashes and political violence. After the outbreak of the 1936-1939 Civil War, Falangists participated in repression in territories controlled by the Nationalists. Extrajudicial executions and persecution of Republicans, leftist activists, and trade unionists occurred. In 1937, Franco merged the Falange with the Carlists into a single state structure, the "Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS." From this point on, the movement was institutionalized and partially deradicalized. Franco was neither a Falangist nor a fascist. His regime exhibited pronounced fascist traits from 1937 to 1945 and employed Falangist symbolism, but after the war, Francoism evolved into a conservative authoritarian dictatorship, remaining authoritarian but not totalitarian. Since the 1950s, the economy has liberalized, although political power remained concentrated in the hands of the regime. It is important to emphasize: Falangism was neither National Socialism nor fascism. It was a Spanish ultranationalist authoritarian ideology with a strong Catholic component and a national-syndicalist model of the state. While the movement shared anti-democratic and repressive practices, which it shares with other far-right regimes in 20th-century Europe, it remains essentially a distinct, Spanish form of far-right nationalism. __________________________________________________________________________ Audio status: Date of recording: 1936 Source:    • "Cara Al Sol" - Anthem of The Spanish Falange   License: https://creativecommons.org/publicdom... __________________________________________________________________________ Photo status: Date of recording: 1930s Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... License: public domain __________________________________________________________________________ Map status: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... __________________________________________________________________________ This video is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... __________________________________________________________________________