Internal carotid artery: part 21 скачать в хорошем качестве

Internal carotid artery: part 21

The internal carotid artery (ICA) is one of the two terminal branches of the common carotid artery (the other being the external carotid artery). Unlike the ECA, the ICA supplies blood to structures inside the skull, including the brain, eyes, and parts of the nose and forehead. Course of the Internal Carotid Artery: The ICA has four main segments (classified anatomically or surgically): Cervical segment (in the neck) Petrous segment (within the petrous part of the temporal bone) Cavernous segment (within the cavernous sinus) Cerebral (supraclinoid) segment (intracranial, above the clinoid process) Major Branches of the Internal Carotid Artery: The ICA gives off no branches in the neck (unlike the ECA). Its branches arise intracranially and include: 1. Cervical Segment (No branches) Ascends within the carotid sheath alongside the vagus nerve (CN X) and internal jugular vein (IJV). Enters the skull via the carotid canal in the petrous temporal bone. 2. Petrous Segment (Within the Temporal Bone) Caroticotympanic artery (small branch to the tympanic cavity). Vidian artery (occasional branch, supplies the pterygoid canal). 3. Cavernous Segment (Within the Cavernous Sinus) Meningohypophyseal trunk (supplies the pituitary gland and dura mater). Tentorial artery (Bernasconi-Cassinari) → supplies the tentorium cerebelli. Inferior hypophyseal artery → supplies the posterior pituitary. Inferolateral trunk (ILT) → supplies the cavernous sinus and cranial nerves (III, IV, V1, V2, VI). 4. Cerebral (Supraclinoid) Segment (Intracranial) Ophthalmic artery (1st major branch, enters the orbit via the optic canal): Supplies: Retina (central retinal artery), eyelids, lacrimal gland, extraocular muscles. Key branches: Central retinal artery (occlusion → blindness). Lacrimal artery (supplies the lacrimal gland). Supraorbital & supratrochlear arteries (supply the forehead). Posterior communicating artery (PCom) (joins the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) to complete the Circle of Willis). Anterior choroidal artery (supplies the optic tract, internal capsule, thalamus, and choroid plexus). Occlusion can cause hemiparesis, hemianopia, and sensory loss. Terminal Branches: Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) Supplies: Medial frontal & parietal lobes, corpus callosum. A1 segment (pre-communicating) → A2 segment (post-communicating). Pericallosal & callosomarginal arteries are major branches. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) Largest branch, supplies: Lateral cerebral cortex (motor/speech areas), basal ganglia, internal capsule. Lenticulostriate arteries (small penetrating vessels, prone to stroke). Recorded by : Kambiz Ebrahimi https://t.me/foundation_human_anatomy    / @drkambizebrahimi