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Congenital malformation of the uterus | Uterus malfunction | AMC interview | Interview Guide #Congenitalmalformation #Uterusmalfunction The female organs develop from the Mullerian ducts, which are a pair of organs found early in intrauterine life. Each gives rise to half of the uterus and one fallopian tube, which later fuse together to form one organ with paired fallopian tubes. Interruption of this normal course of events leads to abnormal uterine development and defects in the mature uterus. Types Defects of uterine development may include: Septate uterus: here the uterus looks completely normal on the outside but is separated on the inside into two different halves, by a septum of varying size and thickness. Thus there are two endometrial cavities. It is by far the most common of diagnosed anomalies, making up 45% of cases. Bicornuate: in this type, the uterus has an external indentation or groove marking its division internally into two endometrial cavities. The two halves of the uterus may appear almost completely separated except at the lower part. It makes up about 25% of such anomalies. Arcuate uterus: here, the uterus looks normal but the internal surface of the single endometrial cavity shows a shallow groove of 1 cm or less – 7% of such anomalies Unicornuate: here only half of the uterus develops, from a single Mullerian duct (15%) Uterus didelphys: this is a type of anomaly in which the two halves of the uterus develop completely separate (7.5%) Uterine agenesis: the uterus fails to form at all in about 10% of women with uterine anomalies Diagnosis and treatment While a history of repeated miscarriage or infertility may cause a suspicion of congenital uterine anomalies, they are confirmed only by imaging studies, such as a hysterosalpingogram or scanning with ultrasound or MRI. 3D coronal transvaginal imaging is the most accurate means of ultrasound diagnosis, when performed in the secretory or second half of the monthly cycle. MRI may be preferred as non-invasive and accurate. Surgical repair or reconstruction is the only form of treatment for such women, provided the defect is severe enough to cause obstruction of the reproductive tract, associated in many cases with infertility or miscarriages. Septate uteri are most commonly repaired to improve the chances of having a baby, but the other types are generally left alone. In some cases, when obstruction of the female genital tract is present, surgical correction may result in permanent infertility, and so the woman should be told what to expect beforehand. #amc #capf #afmc #armydoctor #amcinterview #armydoctorinterview Watch more such videos Doctor & nurse Interviews l Army Doctor: • AMC Doctor Interview l Army Doctor