探访南京最后的城中村 感受底层百姓的生活 скачать в хорошем качестве

探访南京最后的城中村 感受底层百姓的生活

老门西位于南京市秦淮区中华门以西，因地处南京京城南门（即中华门）以西，故称“门西”，与老门东相对，是南京夫子庙秦淮风光带的重要组成部分。门西一带因地理环境佳，自古便是“达官之悠居、 文人之雅居、百姓之乐居”。 门西一带早在三国时期，此处就有民居聚落出现。明朝中华门与内秦淮河沿线成为城市的经济中心，这里成为重要的商贸和手工业的集散地，呈现一派繁华的景象。清末以后，老门东、老门西等老城南地区逐渐成为以居住功能为主的区域，集中体现了南京老城南传统民居的风貌。 南京门西可以称得上是“达官之悠居、 文人之雅居、百姓之乐居”。历代以来，门西都出文化名人，最著名的南唐宰相韩熙载，当年就住在门西戚家山一带。明代大官顾起元也住在鸣羊街附近，当年他家的宅子很有名，叫遁园。顾起元曾参加过殿试，是当时的探花，告老还乡后，皇帝七次下诏书要任他为相，但他并没有接纳。 鸣羊街以东的12.56公顷划为荷花塘历史文化街区，2012年南京市规划局就对该街区进行过规划公示，除保留历史建筑外，将设五个功能区域：民俗体验区、历史展示区、文化休闲、特色商业区、传统居住区,以孝顺里―谢公祠―水斋庵为主要轴线串联五个区域。在民俗体验区设置古琴博览、古琴表演等项目，在民俗展示区设置书场，组织演出。南京云锦等民间工艺项目，结合民俗体验区设置。还利用名人故居或住所，沿主要旅游线路，建立名人博物馆。 包括鸣羊街、高岗里、饮马巷在内的13条历史街巷和8处古井、73处古树，以及包括传统音乐、传统曲艺、民间工艺、民间文学、重要人物等非物质文化遗产都是保护对象。13条历史街巷名称不得改变，原则上不得拓宽。 按照规划，首先要保护的是文保单位，刘芝田故居为省级文物保护单位，建于清朝光绪年间，还有三处为区级文物保护单位，殷高巷古建筑群（建于明末清初）、高岗里古建筑群（建于清朝）和魏家骅故居（建于清晚期）。 另外，43处历史建筑也是保护对象，其中3处为区级控制文保单位，9处为第三次文物普查发现的不可移动文物，而更多的31处是此次推荐的历史建筑。文保单位和历史建筑要以修缮为主，风貌建筑，以修复和整治为主，原则上不得拆除，一般建筑以整治和改建为主。 Laomen West is located in the west of Zhonghua Gate in Qinhuai District, Nanjing, because it is located in the west of the South Gate of Nanjing Capital (that is, Zhonghua Gate), so it is called "Menxi", opposite to the east of Laomen, is an important part of the Qinhuai scenery belt of Nanjing Confucius Temple. Because of its good geographical environment, the area around Menxi has been "a leisurely residence for officials, an elegant residence for literati, and a happy residence for the people" since ancient times. As early as the Three Kingdoms period, there were residential settlements in the Menxi area. During the Ming Dynasty, the Zhonghua Gate and the Inner Qinhuai River became the economic center of the city, and it became a distribution center for important trade, trade and handicrafts, presenting a prosperous scene. After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the areas in the south of the old city, such as Laomen East and Laomenxi, gradually became areas dominated by residential functions, which concentrated on the style of traditional houses in the south of Nanjing's old city. Nanjing Menxi can be called "the leisurely residence of officials, the elegant residence of literati, and the happy residence of the people." Throughout the ages, Menxi has produced cultural celebrities, and the most famous Southern Tang Prime Minister Han Xizai lived in the area of Qijia Mountain in Menxi. The Ming Dynasty official Gu Qiyuan also lived near Mingyang Street, and his family's house was very famous back then, called Escape Garden. Gu Qiyuan once participated in the palace examination, was the tanhua at that time, and after returning to his hometown, the emperor issued seven edicts to let him be the face, but he did not accept it. The 12.56 hectares east of Mingyang Street are designated as the Hehuatang Historical and Cultural District, and in 2012, the Nanjing Municipal Planning Bureau made a planning announcement on the block, in addition to retaining historical buildings, there will be five functional areas: folk experience area, historical display area, cultural leisure, characteristic commercial area, traditional residential area, with Xiaoshunli-Xie Gongci-Shuizhaian as the main axis to connect five areas. Guqin expos, guqin performances and other projects are set up in the folk customs experience area, and bookstores are set up in the folk customs exhibition area to organize performances. Nanjing Yunjin and other folk craft projects, combined with folk experience area settings. It also uses the former homes or residences of celebrities to establish celebrity museums along the main tourist routes. 13 historical streets and alleys, including Mingyang Street, Gaogangli and Yingma Alley, 8 ancient wells, 73 ancient trees, and intangible cultural heritage including traditional music, traditional opera art, folk crafts, folk literature, and important figures are all objects of protection. The names of the 13 historic streets and alleys shall not be changed and, in principle, may not be widened. According to the plan, the first thing to protect is the cultural protection unit, Liu Zhitian's former residence is a provincial cultural relics protection unit, built during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, and three more are district-level cultural relics protection units, Yin Gaoxiang Ancient Building Complex (built in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties), Gaogangli Ancient Building Complex (built in the Qing Dynasty) and Wei Jiahua's former residence (built in the late Qing Dynasty). In addition, 43 historical buildings are also protected objects, of which 3 are district-level control cultural preservation units, 9 are immovable cultural relics found in the third cultural relics census, and more 31 are historical buildings recommended this time. Cultural protection units and historical buildings should be mainly repaired, style buildings, mainly restoration and rectification, in principle, must not be demolished, and general buildings should be mainly rectified and reconstructed.