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Organizations as Communication

While there are a number of different ways to think about the organization–communication relationship, two have been particularly influential in the history of organizational communication. Lets look at the organizations as communication perspective. This perspective argues that communication constitutes organization—an idea referred to by some organizational communication scholars as the CCO approach to organizations. Put simply, this means that communication activities are the basic, defining “stuff” of organizational life. Without communication, organizations cease to exist as meaningful human collectives. In this sense, organizations are not simply physical containers within which people communicate; rather, organizations exist because people communicatively create the complex systems of meaning that we call organizations. From this perspective, communication is more than simply one factor among many of organizational life; rather, organizations are seen as fundamentally communicative phenomena. A useful way of thinking about organizations from this perspective is to view them as complex patterns of communication habits. Just as individuals develop habitual, routine behaviors that enable them to negotiate daily life, so large groups of people develop patterns of communication behavior that enable coordination and collective, goal-oriented activity. Although there are multiple definitions and conceptions of communication, we will adopt a meaning-centered perspective, viewing communication as the basic, constitutive process through which people come to experience and make sense of the world in which they live. From such a perspective, we can define communication as follows: the dynamic, ongoing process of creating and negotiating meanings through interactional symbolic (verbal and nonverbal) practices, including conversation, metaphors, rituals, stories, dress, and space.