Planning for Fluctuating Lake Levels | Graham Sustainability Institute скачать в хорошем качестве

Planning for Fluctuating Lake Levels | Graham Sustainability Institute

Great Lakes shorelands are desirable places to build. Climate scientists predict increased fluctuations in Great Lakes water levels and increased storminess (more frequent and severe storms). A U-M Water Center-supported science team analyzed physical and ecosystem dynamics, conducted assessments, and worked with Michigan's coastal communities, see: http://graham.umich.edu/activity/25184 Substantial damage has already been done to Great Lakes shorelands from encroachment into coastal wetlands by human development, as well as from receding beaches and structures erected to protect developed shorelands. Once structures are built and shifting shorelines result, managers and property owners have limited options, such as armoring (e.g., seawalls), constructing bio-structures (e.g., wood, rock, plants), nourishing with imported sand, or retreating. Each option has implications in terms of the natural ecological and physical functioning of the shoreland system, as well as short and long-term public and private costs.