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This video shows Hepatic parenchymal disease, Cholecystitis, Pleural effusion, Splenomegaly, and mild ascites. Chronic liver disease in the clinical context is a disease process of the liver that involves a process of progressive destruction and regeneration of the liver parenchyma leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis. "Chronic liver disease" refers to the disease of the liver which lasts over a period of six months. Unlike most other causes of liver disease, it is treatable and the prognosis is excellent provided that it is diagnosed before irreversible damage has occurred. Causes of hepatic parenchymal disease The most common causes of cirrhosis are hepatitis and other viruses. Alcohol abuse. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (this happens from metabolic syndrome and is caused by conditions such as obesity, high cholesterol and triglycerides, and high blood pressure). If signs and symptoms of liver disease do occur, they may include: Skin and eyes that appear yellowish (jaundice) Abdominal pain and swelling. Swelling in the legs and ankles. Itchy skin. Dark urine color. Pale stool color. Chronic fatigue. Nausea or vomiting. Cholecystitis Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder. Your gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ on the right side of your abdomen, beneath your liver. The gallbladder holds a digestive fluid that's released into your small intestine (bile). The most common cause of cholecystitis Gallstones are by far the most common cause of acute cholecystitis. Bile can build up in the gallbladder if gallstones obstruct the bile ducts. This leads to inflammation. Acute cholecystitis can also be caused by a severe illness or a tumor. Pleural effusion The aims of ultrasound-guided assessment of pleural effusion are: To determine and describe the size and site of the effusion. To mark the optimal site for drainage (and perform the procedure) if required. To characterize the effusion, noting echogenicity of the fluid, any loculations, solid masses, and pleural disease. Ultrasound. Ultrasound allows the detection of small amounts of pleural locular fluid, with positive identification of amounts as small as 3-5 mL, that cannot be identified by radiographs, which is only capable of detecting volumes above 50 mL of liquid. Splenomegaly Splenomegaly is a condition that occurs when your spleen becomes enlarged. It's also commonly referred to the as enlarged spleen or spleen enlargement. The spleen is a part of your lymphatic system. It helps the immune system by storing white blood cells and helping in the creation of antibodies. Causes of an enlarged spleen An enlarged spleen can be caused by infections, cirrhosis, and other liver diseases, blood diseases characterized by abnormal blood cells, problems with the lymph system, or other conditions. Ascites is the abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen. Technically, it is more than 25 ml of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Symptoms may include increased abdominal size, increased weight, abdominal discomfort, and shortness of breath. Complications can include spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Ascites is most often caused by liver scarring, otherwise known as cirrhosis. Scarring increases pressure inside the liver's blood vessels. The increased pressure can force fluid into the abdominal cavity, resulting in ascites.