Phototransduction: How we see photons скачать в хорошем качестве

Phototransduction: How we see photons

Vision begins when a light-detecting molecule absorbs a photon, and our eyes are sensitive enough to allow us to detect changes to individual molecules in a cell. This requires amplification of a tiny signal to produce an electrical response large enough for our brain to notice through a process called phototransduction. In this video, I show how this amplification is a physical process, relying on random motion and chance encounters, but that produces repeatable and reliable signals. 0:00 Introduction 1:05 Photoreceptors 1:36 Rhodopsin 2:04 Amplification 3:16 Cyclic GMP 4:01 Electric signal 6:16 Recovery 6:48 Conclusion Animations were made in Blender and Maya by Kerry Kim. This video is copyright (c) 2021 by Kerry Kim. All rights reserved. No part of this video may be used without my prior written permission, except as permitted by U.S. copyright law. For more information about phototransduction, see ‪@Clockworkbio‬ videos such as    • Where the Light Touches Your Eyes｜Phototra...   For learning biochemistry animation in Blender, see ‪@CGFigures‬ video    • Blender for Scientists - Complete Intro to 3D   and ‪@BradyJohnston‬ Molecular Nodes tool here:    • Molecular Nodes | Getting Started | Blende...   3D coordinate files for proteins: PDB ID: 7LFY Xue, J. Han, Y., Zeng, W., Wang, Y., Jiang, Y. (2021) Structural mechanisms of gating and selectivity of human rod CNGA1 channel. doi: 10.2210/pdb7LFY/pdb PDB ID: 7JSN Gao, Y., Eskici, G., Ramachandran, S., Skiniotis, G., Cerione, R.A. (2020) Structure of the visual signaling complex between transducin and phosphodiesterase 6. doi: 10.2210/pdb7JSN/pdb PDB ID: 1GOT Lambright, D. G., Sondek, J., Bohm, A., Skiba, N.P., Hamm, H.E., Sigler, P.B. (1996) Heterotrimeic complex of a gt-alpha/gi-alpha chimera and the gt-beta-gamma subunits. doi: 10.2210/pdb1GOT/pdb PDB ID: 1F88 Palczewski, K., Kumasaka, T., Hori, T., Behnke, C.A., Motoshima, H., Fox, B.A., Le Trong, I., Teller, D.C., Okata, T., Stenkamp, R.E., Yamamoto, M., Miyano, M. (2000) Crystal structure of bovine rhodopsin. doi: 10.2210/pdb1F88/pdb