Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation (TUS/tFUS) Explained! | Neuroscience Methods 101 скачать в хорошем качестве

Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation (TUS/tFUS) Explained! | Neuroscience Methods 101

Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS or TUS) is a technique to stimulate the brain in a non-invasive way. How does it work? Many people will know ultrasounds from making images inside the body, for example when looking at a fetus. However, when focusing ultrasound waves to a single point, a lot of energy can be created in that spot. With high enough intensities, this technique can be used as non-invasive surgery to ablate regions in the brain. However, low intensity focused ultrasound stimulation, like tFUS, does not aim to destroy a region of the brain. Rather the intensity should be low enough to be safe, but high enough to activate brain cells. This technique can be very useful since it can target deeper brain structures, compared to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation) tACS). At the stimulated area mechanosensitive ion channels are activated. This modulates the chance of an action potential happening and thereby modulates the excitability of the brain. Since tFUS is still very new, a lot more needs to be learned about the exact parameters for it to be safe and effective. References: Folloni, D., Verhagen, L., Mars, R. B., Fouragnan, E., Constans, C., Aubry, J. F., Rushworth, M., & Sallet, J. (2019). Manipulation of Subcortical and Deep Cortical Activity in the Primate Brain Using Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation. Neuron, 101(6), 1109–1116.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019... Lee, W., Kim, H., Jung, Y. et al. Image-Guided Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulates Human Primary Somatosensory Cortex. Sci Rep 5, 8743 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08743 Lee, W., Kim, H. C., Jung, Y., Chung, Y. A., Song, I. U., Lee, J. H., & Yoo, S. S. (2016). Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation of human primary visual cortex. Scientific reports, 6, 34026. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34026 Legon, W., Sato, T. F., Opitz, A., Mueller, J., Barbour, A., Williams, A., & Tyler, W. J. (2014). Transcranial focused ultrasound modulates the activity of primary somatosensory cortex in humans. Nature neuroscience, 17(2), 322–329. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3620 Pasquinelli, C., Hanson, L. G., Siebner, H. R., Lee, H. J., & Thielscher, A. (2019). Safety of transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation: A systematic review of the state of knowledge from both human and animal studies. Brain stimulation, 12(6), 1367–1380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2019.07... Verhagen, L., Gallea, C., Folloni, D., Constans, C., Jensen, D. E., Ahnine, H., Roumazeilles, L., Santin, M., Ahmed, B., Lehericy, S., Klein-Flügge, M. C., Krug, K., Mars, R. B., Rushworth, M. F., Pouget, P., Aubry, J. F., & Sallet, J. (2019). Offline impact of transcranial focused ultrasound on cortical activation in primates. eLife, 8, e40541. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.40541 Video lecture:    • Brainbox Initiative Webinar: An Introducti...   Narrated by: Miles Wischnewski USE OF STOCK IMAGES AND VIDEOS Occasionally we make use of stock images and videos (pixabay.com or pexels.com). We use these to make our videos more lively (better than looking at a blank screen). These stock videos should not be taken as an exact scientific reflection of the discussed content. In some cases they are not fully accurate. We try to have a high viewing pleasure, while at the same time create as little confusion as possible. Thus we aim to only use them when it is clear that they are not directly related to the discussed content. CHANNEL GOALS The Psyched! channel focuses on providing education about psychology and neuroscience. Here you learn all about human behavior, the mind and the brain. It is our goal to reach everyone, from people who are casually interested to academic researchers. As such we provide simple explanation videos as well as profound lectures. If you like our content, consider to subscribe! SOCIAL MEDIA LINKS Instagram:   / real.psyched   Twitter:   / mileswischnews1   Website: www.mileswischnewski.com