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Pneumomediastinum in Chest X-ray

Pneumomediastinum causes: Pneumomediastinum, or mediastinal emphysema, occurs when air leaks from the lungs or airways into the mediastinum, the space between the lungs and around the heart, and can be caused by injury, disease, or increased pressure in the lungs. Pneumomediastinum ICD-10: P25. Pneumomediastinum vs pneumothorax: Pneumothorax is air in the pleural space (around the lungs), while pneumomediastinum is air in the mediastinum (the space between the lungs). Pneumomediastinum treatment: Pneumomediastinum, often self-limiting, usually requires no specific treatment as the body naturally absorbs the air. However, oxygen therapy, bed rest, and addressing any underlying causes are important. Radiographic features of Pneumomediastinum: Small amounts of gas appear as linear or curvilinear lucencies outlining mediastinal contours such as: gas anterior to pericardium: pneumopericardium gas around pulmonary artery and main branches: ring around artery sign gas outlining major aortic branches: tubular artery sign gas outlining bronchial wall: double bronchial wall sign continuous diaphragm sign: due to gas trapped posterior to pericardium gas between parietal pleura and diaphragm: extrapleural sign gas in pulmonary ligament Naclerio V sign Image Credit: Case courtesy of Francis Fortin, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 60289 Case courtesy of Yusra Sheikh, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 68901 https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.245104...