Anatomy of Dicot Leaf - Sunflower Leaf скачать в хорошем качестве

Anatomy of Dicot Leaf - Sunflower Leaf

Anatomy of a dicot leaf - Sunflower leaf: Internal structure of dicotyledonous leaves reveals epidermis, mesophyll and vascular tissues. Epidermis: A dicotyledonous leaf is generally dorsiventral. It has upper and lower epidermis. The epidermis is usually made up of a single layer of cells that are closely packed. The cuticle on the upper epidermis is thicker than that of lower epidermis. The minute openings found on the epidermis are called stomata. Stomata are more in number on the lower epidermis than on the upper epidermis. A stoma is surrounded by a pair of bean shaped cells called guard cells. Each stoma opens into an air chamber. These guard cells contain chloroplasts, whereas other epidermal cells do not contain chloroplasts. The main function of the epidermis is to give protection to the inner tissue called mesophyll. The cuticle helps to check transpiration. Stomata are used for transpiration and gas exchange. Mesophyll: The entire tissue between the upper and lower epidermis is called the mesophyll (Gk meso=in the middle; phyllome=leaf). There are two regions in the mesophyll. They are palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma. Palisade parenchyma cells are seen beneath the upper epidermis. It consists of vertically elongated cylindrical cells in one or more layers. These cells are compactly arranged without intercellular spaces. Palisade parenchyma cells contain more chloroplasts than the spongy parenchyma cells. The function of palisade parenchyma is photosynthesis. Spongy parenchyma lies below the palisade parenchyma. Spongy cells are irregularly shaped. These cells are very loosely arranged with numerous airspaces. As compared to palisade cells, the spongy cells contain lesser number of chloroplasts. Spongy cells facilitate the exchange of gases with the help of air spaces. The air space that is found next to the stoma is called respiratory cavity or sub-stomatal cavity. Vascular tissues: Vascular tissues are present in the veins of leaf. Vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral and closed. Xylem is present towards the upper epidermis, while the phloem towards the lower epidermis. Vascular bundles are surrounded by a compact layer of parenchymatous cells called bundle sheath or border parenchyma. Xylem consists of metaxylem vessels and protoxylem vessels. Protoxylem vessels are present towards the upper epidermis. Phloem consists of sieve tubes, companion cells and phloem parenchyma. Phloem fibres are absent. Xylem consists of vessels and xylem parenchyma. Tracheids and xylem fibres are absent. Disclaimer This channel does not promote or encourage any illegal activities. All contents provided by this channel for general and education purpose only. Copyright disclaimer under section 107 of the copyright act 1976,allowance is made for "fair use policy" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting,teaching,scholarship and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.